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Immunology

PASS program drill notes

QuestionAnswer
Which cytokine do macrophages produce? IL-1
Which enlarged lymph nodes are most likely malignant? 1. Supraclavicular 2. Epitrochlear (above elbow) 3. Inguinal
Who are the CD8 cells? Killer cells or Ts (suppressor) cells; respond to MHC-1 (self)
Which of your cell express MHC-1? All except RBCs and platelets
Who are the CD4 cells? Th (helper) cell; respond to MHC-2 (non-self)
What type of immunity does Th 1 provide? Cell-mediated
What do Th1 cells secrete? IFN-gamma
What doe Th2 cells secrete? IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13
What type of immunity does Th 2 provide? Humoral
What do B cell deficiency patients die of? Bacterial infection
What is Common Variable Hypogammaglobulinemia? Kids w/ B cells don't differentiate into plasma cells ==> low Ab
What is Bruton's Agammaglobulinemia? Young adults with defective Tyrosine kinase ==> no Antibodies, X-linked
What is the mode of inheritance of Bruton's Agammaglobulinemia? X-linked
What is Job's syndrome Redheaded females, stuck in IgE stage
What is Multiple Myeloma? Multiple osteolytic lesions, IgG, k-light chains, rouleaux formation
What neoplasm is seen with k-light chains in the urine? Multiple Myeloma
Neoplasm of the plasma cells? Multiple Myeloma
What is Heavy Chain disease? IgA and Multiple Myeloma of GI tract
What is Selective IgG2 deficiency? Recurrent encapsulated infections
What is Hairy Cell Leukemia? Fried egg/sunburst appearance, TRAP+
Histology: Hair-like projections and fried egg appearance. Dx? Hairy Cell leukemia
What is Selective IgA deficiency? Transfusion anaphylaxis, mucous membrane infections
What is Ataxia Telangiectasia? Low IgA, neuro problems
What is Hyper IgM syndrome? High IgM, low all other Ab
What do T cell deficiency patients die of? Viral infection, CMV, EBV
What is DiGeorge Syndrome? No thymus/inferior parathyroids, low Ca2+
What is Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis? T cell defect against Candida albicans, chronic fatigue
What is SCID? No thymus, frayed long bones, baby dies by 18months, adenosine deaminase deficient
What is Wiscott-Aldrich? Low IgM, low platelets, high IgA, eczema, petechiae
What does the CD4 count tell you? Status of HIV (normal = 1,000)
What does the viral load tell you? Progression of HIV
What organs have the most CD4 receptors? Blood vessels, brain, testicles, cervix, rectum
What are the 3 tests used to screen for HIV? 1. ELISA: detects IgG Ab to p24 Ag 2. Western blot: see > 2 proteins 3. PCR: detects virus (use in babies > 18 months
What is the definition of AIDS? CD4 < 200/uL or clinical symptoms
Which are the live vaccines? "Bring Your Own Very Small Virus + MMR" 1. BCG 2. Yellow Fever 3. OPV (Sabin) = oral polio 4. Varicella 5. Smallpox 6. Rotavirus 7. Measles = Rubeola 8. Mumps 9. Rubella = German 3-day measles
How many live vaccines exist? 9
What is the 1 (primary) Biliary Cirrhosis? Anti-mitochondrial Ab, pruritus, females
What is 1 (primary) Sclerosing Cholangitis? p-ANCA Ab, bile duct inflammation, onion skinning, IBD
What is type of I Autoimmune Hepatitis? Anti-SM Ab, young women
What is type II Autoimmune Hepatitis? Anti-LKM Ab, kids
What is Bullous pemphigoid? Anti-hemidesmosome Ab, skin bullae
What is Celiac Sprue? Anti-gliaden Ab, eating wheat==> steatorrhea; gluten
What is CREST syndrome? Anti-centromere Ab
What is Dermatitis herpetiformis? Anti-BMZ Ab, Anti-endomysial Ab, vesicles on anterior thigh
What is DM type 1? Anti-islet cell, anti-GAD Ab, polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss
What is Dermatomyositis? Anti-Jo 1 Ab, myositis + rash
What is Drug-induced Lupus? Anti-histone ab, "HIPPPE" causes it
What is Gastritis Type A? Anti-parietal cell Ab, atrophic gastritis, adenocarcinoma
What is Goodpasture's? Anti-GBM Ab, attacks lung and kidney, RPGN, crescents in kidney
What is Grave's disease? Anti-TSHr Ab, hyperthyroid, bug eyes, pretibial myxedema
What is Guilliane-Barre? Anti-ganglioside Ab, ascending paralysis, 2 wk after URI
What is Hashimoto's? Anti-microsomal Ab = TPO, hypothyroid
What is ITP? Anti-platelet Ab, Anti-GP2b3a Ab, thrombocytopenia
What is Mixed CT disease? Anti-RNP antibody
What is Mononucleosis? Heterophile Ab, teenager with sore throat
What is MPGN Type II? Anti-C3 convertase Ab = C3 nephritic factor
What is Multiple Sclerosis? Anti-myelin Ab, middle aged female with vision problems
What is Myasthenia gravis? Anti-AChr Ab, female with ptosis, weaker as day goes by
What is Paroxysmal hemolysis? Donath Landsteiner ab, bleeds when urinate
What is Pemphigus vulgaris? Anti-desmosome Ab, skin sloughs off when touched; oral ulcers
What is Pernicious anemia? Anti-IF Ab, Vitamin B12 deficiency ==> megaloblastic anemia
What is Polyarteritis Nodosa? p-ANCA Ab, attacks gut and kidney
What is Post-Strep GN? ASO Ab, nephritic with complement deposition
What is Rheumatoid Arthritis? Rheumatoid Factor, pain worse in the morning
What is Scleroderma? Anti-Scl70 = anti-topoisomerase I, fibrosis, tight
What is Sjogren's? Anti-SSA Ab, dry "sand in" eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
What is SLE? Anti-ds DNA/Smith/Cardiolipin, rash, photosensitivity, oral ulcers
What is SLE cerebritis? Anti-neuronal Ab, Anti-ribosomal Ab
What is Vitiligo? Anti-Melanocyte Ab, white patches
What is Warm hemolysis? Anti-Rh Ab, bleeds at body temperature
What is Wegener's? c-ANCA Ab, attacks ENT, lungs, kidney
What is HSP? IgA disease 2 weeks after gastroenteritis
What is Berger's? IgA disease 2 weeks after URI
What is Alport's? IgA disease associated with deafness and cataracts
What collagen type is affected in Alport's? Collagen type IV
What diseases are associated with HLA-A3? Hemochromatosis
What diseases are associated with HLA-B27? Psoriatic Arthritis Ankylosing Spondylitis Inflammatory Bowel Disease Reactive Arthritis (Reiter's syndrome)
What diseases are associated with HLA DQ2/DQ8? Celiac Disease
What diseases are associated with HLA-DR2? Multiple Sclerosis Hay Fever SLE Goodpasture syndrome
What diseases are associated with HLA-DR3? DM 1 SLE Graves' disease
What diseases are associated with HLA-DR4? Rheumatoid Arthritis DM 1
Which diseases are associated with HLA-DR5? Pernicious anemia Hashimoto's
Created by: rakomi
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