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Biology - Unit 4
Basic Ecology terms/concepts - Carbon cycle
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Biosphere | The layers of the earth, atmosphere and hydrosphere |
| Biome | Large naturally occurring community |
| Ecosystem | A large intertwined community and its environment |
| Community | Interacting group of various species |
| Population | Group of species interacting and inbreeding in the same place |
| Species | Group of organisms that inbreed and produce fertile offspring |
| Sunlight role | Initial source of energy |
| What uses sun | Producers/Autotrophs |
| Autotroph | A organism that produces its own food via sunlight |
| Chemicals involved in photosynthesis | Carbon dioxide, water, sunlight to produce glucose + oxygen (waste product) |
| What uses other organisms as a source of energy? | Consumers/Heterotrophs |
| Heterotroph | Cannot produce own food, gets food from other sources mainly plant and animal matter |
| Food chain | Diagrams showing the flow of energy |
| Food web | Diagram showing the flow of energy betwixt several food chains in an ecosystem |
| Process of using/making ATP is | Exothermic |
| ATP is used for | Body and cell function |
| Heat is lost energy because | Organisms cannot turn heat into other forms of energy |
| Heat is | Emitted to the atmosphere and eventually lost from the ecosystem |
| Energy lost in ecosystems | Heat, uneaten matter, feces, and indigested materials |
| How much energy is lost at each level of the pyramid | 90% |
| Ecology | Study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment |
| Abiotic factors | Non living factors (Non organic material) |
| Detritivores | Heterotrophs that eat dead/decomposing organic material via internal digestion |
| Saprotrophs | Heterotrophs that eat dead/decomposing organic material via external digestion |
| How are inorganic materials maintained on earth? | Nutrient cycling via consumption, decomposition, and waste |
| Sustainability | Something that can be sustained almost indefinitely |
| Habitat | The environment in which a species normally lives |
| Mesocosms | Small closed off experimental ecosystems |
| Anaerobic organisms | occur in the absence of oxygen or do not require oxygen to live. For example |
| Autotrophs organisms | that use solar energy or chemical energy to manufacture the organic compounds they need as nutrients from simple inorganic compounds obtained from their environment. |
| Biomass | the total mass of living matter within a given unit of environmental area. |
| Carbohydrates | any of a large group of organic compounds |
| Carbon dioxide (CO2) | a colourless |
| Carbon flux | the flow of carbon from one carbon pool to another. |
| Cell respiration | a series of metabolic processes that take place within a cell in which biochemical energy is produced from organic substances and stored in ATP for use in the energy-requiring activities of the cell. |
| Fossilised organic matter | when remains of organisms of a past geologic age have been preserved in a fossil form. |
| Limestone | a sedimentary rock consisting mainly of calcium carbonate |
| Methane (CH4) | an odourless |
| Peat | a compact |
| Waterlogged soil | a soil that is soaked or saturated with water. |
| coal | oil |
| carbon sink | A feature of the biosphere that removes and stores large amounts of atmospheric carbon |
| carbon cycle | Cyclic movement of carbon in different chemical forms from the environment to organisms and then back to the environment. |
| methanogenisis | A biological or chemical process that produces methane as a by-product |
| Carbon sinks | Forests, oceans - Store/use carbon |
| Aerobic organisms | Produce CO2 |
| Autotrophs | Use CO2 to make oxygen and glucose |
| Diffusion is in | Animal cells - No photosynthetic cells in plants - saprotrophs |
| Diffusion | Chemical reaction that produces CO2 as a waste product |
| Methanogens | Microbes that produces methane from organic matter via Methanogenesis |
| Methanogenesis | Process of producing methane from organic matter |
| Methanogenic Archean's | Can carry out Methanogenesis in anaerobic environments. (mud, swamps, landfills) |
| anaerobic environments | An anaerobic environment is characterized by the lack of free oxygen (O2) |
| Once in the atmosphere methane | Can be oxidized into carbon and water |
| Methane is in the atmosphere is | for 12 years |
| Why can't organic material decompose in anaerobic waterlogged soils? | Saprotrophs cannot thrive in them |
| Peat is used to burn and garden because? | it contains organic materials |
| Carbon and its compounds are | very stable and can remains unchanged in rocks for millions of years |
| Coal forms when | Peat is buried under sediment |
| Oil and natural gas | Form when sediments compress organic matter. Often occurs at the bottoms of seas and lakes. |
| Combustion is when | An organic material is lit up or burns |
| Combustion | Methane + Oxygen Dioxide = Water + Carbon + heat energy |
| When fossil fuels are burned they | release lots of carbon into the atmosphere |
| Some animals have hard shells made out of | CaCO3 (calcium carbonate) |
| When animals with hard body parts die | They form limestone - 10 percent of earths sediment |
| Carbon flux | Rate of exchange of carbon between different quantities of carbon |
| Greenhouse Gasses | Absorb long wave radiation and emit it as heat |
| Biggest offenders? | CO2 H2O |
| Factors of a greenhouse gas | Ability to absorb Abundance in the atmosphere |
| Earth absorbs _____ and reabsorbs it as _____ | Short waves (UV) -- Long waves |
| Short waves | Solar Radiation |
| Greenhouse Effect | Gases in the Atmosphere trap in heat |
| Climate Change | Change in the earths climate, making the earth slowly warmer |
| Methods of monitoring CO2 | Monitoring stations, ice cores |
| Burning fossil fuels causes | A major increase in CO2 |
| Climate change | Makes oceans acidic, Weak coral. |
Created by:
RedFlyingThing
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