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155 quiz 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cancer | a type of abnormal cell growth in which cellular regulation is lost, resulting in new tissues that serve no useful function, are harmful, and can lead to death |
| 1.8 million | How many people in US and Canada are diagnosed with cancer every year? |
| cellular regulation | the genetic and physiologic processes that control cellular growth, replication, differentiation, and function to maintain homeostasis |
| neoplasia | any new or continued cell growth not needed for normal development or replacement of dead and damaged tissues |
| mutations | Cancer cells were once normal cells but underwent genetic ______ to no longer look, grow, or function normally. |
| specific morphology | the feature in which each normal cell type has a distinct and recognizable appearance, size, and shape |
| differentiated function | every normal cell has at least one function it performs to contribute to whole-body function |
| tight adherence | normal cells make sticky cell adhesion molecules that protrude from membranes, allowing cells to bind closely and tightly |
| nonmigratory | normal cells do not wander throughout the body |
| contact inhibition | stops further rounds of cell division when the dividing cell is completely surrounded and touched by other cells |
| apoptosis | programmed cell death |
| benign tumor cells | a type of abnormal cell growth in which normals cells grow in the wrong place or at the wrong time as a result of a problem with cellular regulation; moles, uterine fibroid tumors, skin tags |
| invade | Benign tumor cells do not ______ |
| anaplasia | cancer cells' loss of the specific appearance of their parent cells |
| no useful purpose | cancer cells serve ____ _______ ______ |
| loose adherence | cancer cells do not make cell adhesion molecules and easily break off from the main tumor |
| migration | cancer cells do not bind tightly together and have many enzymes, allowing them to slip through vessels and tissues, spreading from the point of origin |
| No contact inhibition | even when all sides of cancer cells are in continuous contact, they continue to divide |
| continuous cell division | cancer cells do not respond to checkpoint controls of cell division or apoptosis |
| hypertrophy | one cell gets bigger (usually benign) |
| hyperplasia | one cells divides (usually malignant) |
| carcinogenesis | cancer development with changing of a normal cell into a cancer cell |
| carcinogens | substances that change the activity of a cell's genes so the cell becomes a cancer cell |
| primary tumor | original group of cancer cells or tumor caused by carcinogenesis |
| metastatic tumors | cancerous tumor cells that move from the primary location by breaking off from the original group and establishing remote colonies |
| metastasis | the ability of cancer cells to invade and spread into other tissues and organs |
| type of tissue | Cancers are classified according to the ____ ___ _____ from which they arise |
| grading | compares the appearance and activity of the cancer cell with the normal parent tissue from which it arose |
| staging | determines the exact location of the cancer and whether metastasis has occurred |
| TNM system | used to describe the anatomic extent of cancers; tumor, node, metastasis |
| 30% | At least ____ of cancers diagnosed in North America are related to tobacco use |
| prostate | most common cancer in men |
| breast | most common cancer in women |
| lung | #1 killer cancer in men & women |
| 77% | _____ of all cancers occur in people older than 55 |
| African American men >55 | Who has the highest death rate with cancer? |
| Age | singlemost important risk factor for cancer |
| primary cancer prevention | use of strategies to prevent the actual occurrence of cancer |
| secondary cancer prevention | the use of screening strategies to detect cancer early, at a time when cure or control is more likely |
| Changes in bowel or bladder habits | Caution |
| A sore that does not heal | cAution |
| Unusual bleeding or discharge | caUtion |
| Thickening or lump in the breast | cauTion |
| Indigestion or difficulty swallowing | cautIon |
| Obvious change in wart or mole | cautiOn |
| Nagging cough or hoarseness | cautioN |
| second | Cancer-related conditions are the ______ leading cause of death in the United States |
| quality of life | Regardless of the treatment received, cancer has a negative impact on the adult's physical and psychological functioning and _________ ____ ______ |
| cachexia | extreme tissue and muscle wasting due to malnourishment |
Created by:
mpvought
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