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Zoology Unit 1

TermDefinition
zoology the study of animals
classification the process of grouping things based on similarities
kingdom first and largest category to classify organisms
Animalia kingdom of eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic organisms with cells having no cell walls
phylum a group of closely related classes
class group of similar orders
order group of similar families
family group of related genera (plural of genus)
Genus a group of related species
species a group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring
eukaryote a cell having a nucleus and organelles, found in all organisms except bacteria
heterotroph organisms that cannot make their own food (animals, fungi, and some bacteria)
multicellular consisting of many cells (such as plants, animals, as well as some fungi and protists)
genus and species scientific name of organisms
Charles Darwin scientist who formulated the theory of evolution by natural selection
dichotomous key step by step approach to identify an organisms using a series of paired descriptions
theory of evolution states that organisms change and develop over time to adapt an increased rate of survival
evolution the gradual change in species over time
perpetual change the living world is always changing
common descent principle that all living things have a common ancestor
multiplication of species the evolutionary process produces new species by splitting and transforming older ones
gradualism the theory that evolution occurs slow but steadily
punctuated equilibrium pattern of evolution in which long stable periods are interrupted by brief periods of more rapid change
natural selection A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits.
adaptation A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce
diversity variety
fossils preserved remains of once-living organisms
embryology the study of the earliest stages of organisms and their development.
genetic evidence similarities between genes (DNA sequences) show that species may have come from a common ancestor
anatomical structures homologous, analogous, or vestigial parts that show evidence of evolution
homologous structures similar structures in different species that are similar because of common ancestry. although they have different functions
analogous structures structures that do not have a common evolutionary origins but are similar in function
vestigial structure A structure that is present in an organism but no longer serves its original function and may be reduced in size
level of organization cell, tissue, organ, organ system (presence of these indicates the complexity of an organism)
symmetry having the same shape, size, and position on both sides of a dividing line
radial symmetry body plan in which body parts repeat around the center of the body
asymmetry no symmetry
bilateral symmetry arrangement of body parts so there are distinct left and right halves that mirror each other ("2 SIDES")
coelom (see-lum) fluid-filled body cavity lined with a middle layer of tissue
acoelomate an animal with no body cavity
pseudocoelomate An animal whose body cavity is not completely lined middle layer of tissue
coelomate An animal that possesses a true body cavity lined by a middle layer of tissue
tissue A group of similar cells that perform the same function.
segmentation the division of the body of an organism into a series of similar and repeating parts
cephalization concentration of sense organs and nerve cells at the front of an animal's body
Created by: Mrs. Meeks SHS
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