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AP Bio Chp 1
Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Evolution | the process of change that has transformed life on Earth from its earliest beginnings to the diversity of organisms living today |
| Seed | an embryo surrounded by a store of food and a protective coat |
| Biology | the scientific study of life |
| Scientific inquiry | how scientist ask and attempt to answer questions |
| Organisms | living things |
| Biosphere | consist of all life on Earth and all places where life exist(land, bodies of water, atmosphere to an altitude, ocean floor) |
| Ecosystem | consist of all living things in a particular area, along with all nonliving components with which life interacts(soil, water, light, and atmospheric gases) |
| Biological Community | the array or organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem |
| Microorganisms | living forms such as bacteria that are too small to see without a microscope, these forms of life is called a species |
| Populations | consist of all individuals of a species living within the bounds of a specified areas |
| Organisms | individual living things |
| Reductionism | reduces complex systems to simpler components that are more manageable to study |
| Organ | a body part that carries out a particular function in the body |
| Organ systems | a team of organs that cooperate in a larger function |
| Tissue | a group of cells that work together, performing a specialized function |
| Cell | life's fundamental units of structure and function |
| Organelles | various functional components present in cells |
| Molecule | a chemical structure consisting of two or more units called atoms |
| Emergent Properties | properties that emerge at each level that are absent from the previous level |
| Systems Biology | exploration of a biological system by analyzing interactions among its parts |
| Eukaryotic cells | contains membrane enclosed organelles |
| Prokaryotic cells | lack a nucleus or other membrane-enclosed organelles |
| Chromosomes | contain genetic material in form of DNA |
| Genes | units of inheritance, encode info necessary to build all molecules synthesizes within a cell- which establish cell's identity and function |
| Proteins | series of linked amino acids and major players in building and maintaining the cell and carrying out its activities |
| Gene Expression | information in a gene directs the manufacture of a cellular product |
| Amino Acids | linked series of protein building blocks |
| Genome | "library" of genetic instructions that an organism inherits |
| Genomics | study of structure, function, evolution, and mapping of genomes |
| Proteomics | study of set of proteins and their properties |
| Proteome | entire set of proteins expressed by a given cell or group of cells |
| Bioinformatics | use of computational tools to store, organize, and analyze huge volumes of data that result from high- throughput methods |
| Producers | photosynthetic organisms |
| Consumers | aka organisms(ex. animals) that feed on producers and other consumers |
| Feedback Regulation | output/product of a process regulates that very process |
| Negative Feedback | loop in which the response reduces the initial stimulus |
| Positive Feedback | an end product speeds up its own production |
| Taxonomy | branch of biology that names and classifies species, formalizes this ordering of species into groups of increasing breadth based on the degree to which they share characteristics |
| Bacteria | most diverse and widespread prokaryotes and are now classified into multiple kingdoms |
| Archaea | live in Earth's extreme environments(ex. salty lakes and hot springs) |
| Domain Eukarya consist of... | Kingdom Plantae, Kingdom Fungi, Kingdom Animalia, Protist |
| Kingdom Plantae | consist of terrestrial multicellular eukaryotes(land plants) that carry out photosynthesis |
| Kingdom Fungi | its members which absorb nutrients from outside their bodies(ex. mushroom) |
| Kingdom Animalia | multicellular eukaryotes that ingest other organisms |
| Protist | mostly unicellular eukaryotes and some relatively simple multicellular relatives |
| Cilia | extensions of cells that function in locomotion, occur in eukaryotes |
| Inquiry | a search for info and explanations of natural phnomena |
| Observation | the gathering of info, either through direct use of the sense or with the help of tools such as microscopes, thermometers, and balances that extend our senses |
| Data | recorded observations |
| Hypothesis | a tentative answer to a well framed question, an explanation on trial |
| Experiment | involves manipulation of one factor in a system in order to see the effect of changing it |
| Variables | factors that vary in an experiment |
| Controlled Experiment | designed to compare an experimental group with a control group |
| Theory | broader in scope than a hypothesis- general enough to spin off into a new specific hypotheses |
| Model Organism | a species that is easy to grow in a lab and lends itself particularly well to the questions being investigated |
| Technology | to apply scientific knowledge for some specific purpose |
Created by:
Jamyllaj
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