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Bio. and Sym.

AP ES Unit 1

QuestionAnswer
What is competition? Organisms fighting over a resource; limits pop. size.
What is predation? One organisms using another for energy.
What is mutualism? Relationship that benefits both organisms.
What is commensalism? Relationship that benefits one organism and doesn't impact the other.
What is a parasitoid? A parasite that lays eggs inside a host organism; eggs hatch and larvae eat host for energy.
What is the mutualsitic relationship beteen coral and algae? Coral provide reef sturcture and CO2 for algae; algae provide sugars for coral to use as energy.
What is resource partitioning? Different specises using the same resource in diff. ways to reduce competion.
What is temporal partitioning? Using a resource at diff. times.
What is spatial partitioning? Using diff. areas of a shared habitat.
What is morphological partioning? Using diff. resources based on diff. evolved body features
What are some characteristics of aquatic biomes? Salinity, Depth, Flow, and Temp.
What is the littoral zone? Shallow water w/emergent plants
Waht is the limnetic zone? Zone where light can reach. No rooted plants, only phytoplankton.
What is the profundal zone? Zone too deep for sunlight.
What is the benthic zone? Murky bottom where inverts (bugs) live, nutrient richt sediments.
What are some characteristics of rivers? High O2 due to flow mxing water and air, nutrient rich sediments.
What is a wetland? An area with soil submerged/saturated in water for at least part of the year, but shallow enought for emergent plants.
What are some of the benefits of wetlands? - Stores excess water during storms, lessening floods. - Recharges grounwater by absorbing rainfall into soil. - Roots of wetland plants filter pollutants from water draing through. - High plant growth due to lots of water and nutrients in sediments.
What is an estuary? An area where rivers empty into the ocean. A mix of fresh and salt water. High productivity due to nutrients in sediments deposited in esuraries by rivers.
What is a salt marsh? Estuary hab. along coast in temperate climates. Breeding ground for many fish and shellfish species.
What is a mangrove swamp? Estuary hab. along coast of tropical climates. Mangrove tress, with long, stilt roots stabilize shoreline and provide bah. for many s[ecies of fish and shellfish.
What is the coral reef? Warm shallow waters beyond the shoreline; most diverse marine biome on earth.
What is the intertidal zone? A narrow band of coastline between high and low tide. Organisms must be adapted to survive crashing waves and direct sunlight during low tide.
What is one adaption org. that live in the intertidal zone have? Shells and tought other skin which prevent drying out (dessication) during low tide.
What is the open ocean? Low productivity area as only algae and phytoplankton can survie in most ocean. So large though that algae and phytoplankton of ocean produce a lot of earth's O2 and absorb a lot of atmospheric CO2.
What is the photic zone? Area where sunlight can reach.
What is the aphotic zone? Area too deep for sunlight.
How do grazing animals help to maintain grassland eco.? - Animals compact soil with their hooves. - Animals waste provides nutrients for soil and plants.
How does the conversion of biomes to agri. land contribute to environmental problems? - Areas of diverse specis are replaces by moncultures/less species diversity. - Need for irrigation deplets groundwater/aquifers.
How do seasonal fires hep grassland? Decaying plants matter burns and turn to ash relasing nutreisn into a useable form for plants. Cleared areas recive more sunlight which stimulates dormant plants to spout and grow.
Created by: skythecowboy
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