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7th Sci Ch. 2 Vocab

TermDefinition
Organism A living thing.
Cell The basic unit of structure and function in living things.
Unicellular Made of a single cell.
Multicellular Consisting of many cells.
Metabolism The combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down.
Stimulus Any change or signal in the environment that can make an organism react in some way.
Response An action or change in behavior that occurs as a result of a stimulus.
Development The process of change that occurs during an organism’s life to produce a more complex organism.
Asexual reproduction A reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.
Sexual reproduction A reproductive process that involves two parents that combine their genetic material to produce a new organism which differs from both parents.
Classification The process of grouping things based on their similarities.
Microscope An instrument that makes small objects look larger.
Cell theory A widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things.
Cell wall A rigid supporting layer that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms.
Nucleus In cells, a large oval organelle that contains the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA and controls many of the cell’s activities.
Organelle A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell.
Ribosome A small grain-shaped organelle in the cytoplasm of a cell that produces proteins.
Cytoplasm The thick fluid region of a cell located inside the cell membrane (in prokaryotes) or between the cell membrane and nucleus (in eukaryotes).
Mitochondria Rod-shaped organelles that convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions.
Endoplasmic reticulum An organelle that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another.
Golgi apparatus An organelle in a cell that receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell.
Vacuole A sac-like organelle that stores water, food, and other materials.
Chloroplast An organelle in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and changes it to an energy form that cells can use in making food.
Lysosome A cell organelle which contains chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones that can be used by the rest of the cell.
Tissue A group of similar cells that perform a specific function.
Organ A body structure that is composed of different kinds of tissues that work together.
Organ system A group of organs that work together to perform a major function.
Element A pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical or physical means.
Compound A substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a specific ratio, or proportion.
Carbohydrate An energy-rich organic compound, such as a sugar or a starch, that is made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Lipid An energy-rich organic compound, such as fat, oil, or wax, that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Protein Large organic molecule made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur.
Enzyme A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing.
Nucleic acid A very large organic molecule made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus, that contains the instructions cells need to carry out all the functions of life.
DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring.
Double helix The shape of a DNA molecule.
Homeostasis The condition in which an organism’s internal environment is kept stable in spite of changes in the external environment.
Diffusion The process by which molecules move form an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Active transport The movement of materials across a cell membrane using cellular energy.
Cell division A process in which one cell splits into two new cells that are genetically identical to the original cell.
Created by: moultonjh
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