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Chapter 1
Introduction to Pathophysiology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Pathophysiology | Study of mechanisms of disease |
| Pathology | Study of cell changes as a result of disease |
| Disease | Functional impairment of cells, tissues and organs |
| Syndromes | Specific conditions with recognizable patterns |
| Pathogenesis | Beginning of disease |
| Risk factors | Vulnerabilities |
| Etiology | Precise cause of disease |
| Pathogen | Disease causing organism |
| Idiopathic | Unknown etiology |
| Nosocomial | Exposure to infection in the healthcare environment |
| Iatrogenic | Diseases that result from medical treatment |
| Clinical manifestations | Signs and symptoms of disease |
| Signs | Observable or measurable expressions. (ex: redness, bleeding) |
| Symptoms | Indicators of disease reported by ill individual |
| Precipitating factors | Triggers that promote onset of clinical manifestations (shortness of breath and coughing in asthma) |
| Local | Found directly at site of disease (bruising, redness, swelling, pain) |
| Systemic | Present throughout the body and are not confined to one area. (fever, lethargy, high blood pressure) |
| Acute | Short term disease that lasts only a few months, weeks or days. |
| Chronic | Long term disease that lasts for more than six months |
| Remissions | Asymptomatic periods |
| Exacerbations | Flaring of symptoms |
| Subacute | Diseases that fall between acute and chronic |
| Diagnosis | Label for disease |
| Prognosis | Forecast for how long a person may proceed through disease process. |
| Morbidity | Negative outcome of disease |
| Mortality | Death |
| Insidious | Gradual |
| Treatment | Eliminates or reduces clinical manifestations; is dependent on clinical manifestations and etiology |
| Health | Wholeness of body, mind and spirit |
| Illness | Suffering or distress are on dynamic continuum. |
| Dynamic | Change |
| Homeostasis | Dynamic balance in the body marked by appropriate and effective responses to stimuli |
| Epidemiology | Study of disease in populations |
| Incidence | Number of new cases within a given time |
| Prevalence | Number or percentage of a population living with a particular disease at a given time. |
| Endemic | When incidence and prevalence of disease are predictable and stable |
| Epidemic | Dramatic increase in disease incidence in a population |
| Pandemic | When epidemic spreads across the globe. |
| Primary Prevention | Wearing bike helmet, immunizations to prevent disease |
| Secondary Prevention | Screening for breast cancer |
| Tertiary Prevention | Rehabilitation, physical and occupational therapy. |
Created by:
fclanahan
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