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GI Drugs-2010
MCG
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Peptic Ulcer Disease? | Group of upper GI disorders, caused by imbalance between mucosal and aggressive factors |
| Aggressive factors of Peptic Ulcer Disease? | H. pylori, NSAIDs,gastric acid, pepsin, smoking |
| Defensive factors of Peptic Ulcer Disease | Mucus, bicarbonate, blood flow, prostaglandins |
| What are the five classes of Antiulcer drugs | antibiotics, antisecretory agents, mucosal protectants, antisecretory agents that enhance mucosal defenses, antacids |
| What drugs reduce gastric acidity? | antisecretory agents, misoprostol |
| What drugs enhance mucosal defenses? | sucralfate, misoprostol |
| What do antisecretory agents do? | hasten healing and relieve symptoms |
| Treatment for NSAID-Induced Ulcers? | H2 receptor blockers and PPIs, discontinue NSAIDs |
| What sydrome can cause hypersecretion of acid? | Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome |
| Treatment for H.pylori associated ulcers? | antibiotics |
| Ulcer Diet? | bland diet: milk, cream, eating 5-6 small meals/day |
| Nondrug Therapy for PUD? | Avoid smoking, aspirin, other NSAIDs, and alcohol if a trigger |
| Minimum amount of antibiotics to treat H.pylori associated PUD? | two |
| H.pylori Antibiotics | Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin, Tetracycline, Metronidazole, Tinidazole |
| Histamine 2 Receptor Antagonists drugs that treat gastric and duodenal ulcers? | Cimetidine(Tagamet)-PROTYPE, Rantidine (Zantac), Famotidine (Pepcid), Nizatidine (Axid) |
| Cimetidiine (Tagamet): Pharmacokinetics ? | Absorption slowed if taken w/meals, crosses the blood-brain barrier with difficulty, may cause CNS side effects if it crosses he BB barrier |
| Cimetidiine (Tagamet): Therapeutic uses? | gastric and duodenal ulcers, GERD, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, aspiration pneumonitis, heartburn, acid ingestion, & sour stomach |
| Cimetidiine (Tagamet): Adverse Effects? | antiandrogenic effect, CNS effects, pneumonia, IV bolus-hyptotension and dysrhythmias |
| What drug is preferred for Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome? | Rantidine (Zantac) |
| What is the most effective drug for suppressing secretion of gastric acid? | Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) |
| Protype drug for PPI? | Omeprazole (Prilosec) |
| Omeprazole (Prilosec): Actions? | inhibits gastric secretion, short term therapy |
| Omeprazole (Prilosec): Adverse effects? | H/A, GI effects: diarrhea, n/v |
| Omeprazole (Prilosec): Half life? | 1hr |
| Omeprazole (Prilosec): Route & Dosage? | PO 30mg |
| Omeprazole (Prilosec): Length of Treatment? | 4-8 wks |
| Sucralfate (Carafate): Action? | Creates a protective barrier up to 6 hrs |
| Sucralfate (Carafate): Therapeutic uses? | Acute ulcers and maintenance therapy |
| Sucralfate (Carafate): Adverse effects? | Constipation |
| Sucralfate (Carafate): Drug interactions | Antacids may interfere w/effects of sucralfate |
| Misoprostol ( Cytotec): Therapeutic uses? | Only approved GI indication is prevention of gastric ulcers caused by long term NSAID therapy |
| Misoprostol ( Cytotec): Adverse effects | diarrhea, abdominal pain, contraindicated during pregnancy |
| What do antacids do? | react with gastric acid to produce neutral salts or salts of low acidity |
| What are the four major groups of antacids? | Aluminum, Magnesium, Calcium, and Sodium Compounds |
| What do Laxatives do? | Soften the stool, increase stool volume, hasten fecal passage through the intestine, & facilitate evacuation from the rectum. |
| Laxative vs. Catharsis? | Laxative effect: production of soft, formed stool over a period of 1 or more days, relatively mild; Catharsis: prompt, fluid evacuation of the bowel, fast and intense |
| Function of the colon? | absorb nutrients and electrolytes |
| Proper function of bowel is highly dependent on? | Dietary fiber |
| What is constipation? | Hard stool, infrequent stools, excessive straining, prolonged effort, sense of incomplete evacuation, and unsuccessful defecation |
| What are the four classifications of Laxatives? | Bulk forming laxatives, surfactant laxatives, stimulant laxatives, and osmotic laxatives |
| Bulk forming laxative drug? | Psyllium (Metamucil) |
| Surfactant laxatives drug? | Docusate sodium (Colace) |
| Stimulant laxative drug? | Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) |
| Osmotic laxative drug? | Milk of Magnesia (MOM) |
| What do bulk forming laxatives do? | Soften the fecal mass and increase mass |
| What do surfactant laxatives do? | Stimulate intestinal motility, increase the amt of H2O and electrolytes in the intestinal lumen |
| Bulk forming laxatives treat? | temporary treatment for constipation |
| Surfactant laxatives treat? | opioid-induced constipation and constipation from slow intestinal transit |
| What do osmotic laxatives do? | softens and swells fecal mass and stretches wall and stimulates peristalsis |
| Adverse effects of osmotic laxatives? | dehydration, renal decline, sodium retention |
| What are antiemetics? | given to suppress nausea and vomiting |
| Serotonin Antagonists: protype & MOA | P:Ondansetron (Zofran), MOA: blocks serontonin receptors on vagal afferents and in the CTZ |
| Glucocorticoids:protype & MOA | P: Dexamethasone (Decadron); MOA: unknown |
| Substance P/neurokinin 1 antagonists: protype & MOA | P:Aprepitant (Emend); MOA: blocks receptors for substance P/neurokinin 1 in the brain |
| Dopamine antagonists: protype & MOA | P: Prochlorperazine; MOA: blocks dopamine receptors in the CTZ |
| Cannaboids: protype & MOA | P: Dronabinol (Marinol); MOA: Unknown |
| Anitcholinergics:protype & MOA | P: Scopolamine (Transderm Scop); MOA: blocks muscarinic receptors in the pathway from the inner ear to the vomiting center |
| Antihistamines: protype & MOA | P: Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine); MOA: Blocks H1 receptors and muscarinic receptors in the pathway from the inner ear to the vomiting center |
| Benzodiazepines: protype & MOA | P: Lorazepam (Ativan); MOA: sedation, suppression of anticipatory emesis, and production of anterograde amnesia |
| Three types of Dopamine Antagonists? | Phenothiazines & Butyrophenone, & Other (Metoclopraminde) |
| Dopamine Antagonists Butyrophenone Drugs? | Haldol & Isapsine |
| Two types of drugs used for motion sickness? | Muscarinic Agonists & Antihistamines |
| Motion Sickness Muscarinic Agonists Drug? | Scopolamine |
| Motion Sickness Antihistamines Drug? | Dramamine, Antivert, Marezine |
| What is the most effective antidiarrheal agent? | Opiod-Lomotil & Imodium |
| Four groups of drugs used for Irritable Bowel Syndrome? | Antispasmodics, bulk-forming agents, antidiarrheals, & tricyclin antidepressants |
| IBS Specific Drugs(2)? | Alosetron (Lotronex), Lubriprostone ( Amitiza), Tegaserod (Zelnorm) |
| Drugs that control disease process of IBD? | Aminosalicylates (sulfasalazine), glucocorticoids (hydrocortisone), immunosuppressants (azathioprine), immunomodulators ( infliximab) and antibiotics (metronidazole) |
| What are Prokinetic agents? | they increase tone and motility of GI tract |
| Prokinetic agents drugs? | Metoclopramide (Reglan, Maxolon, Octamide), Cisapride (Propulsid) |
| What is the first approved drug for decreasing oral mucositis? | Palifermin (Kepivance) |
| Drugs used to Dissolve gallstones? | Chenodiol & Urosidiol |
Created by:
aadeleke
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