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Exam 1 Quizzes

BIOL-1409 with Professor Cash Fall 2022

QuestionAnswer
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium proves that sexual reproduction alone is insufficient to change allele frequencies over generations as long as five conditions are met. What is the consequence when the 4th condition-- no migration in or out-- is violated? Gene flow
Which term in the Hardy-Weinberg equations represents those with a dominant phenotype if the trait is inherited in a Mendelian (complete dominance) fashion? p^2+2pq
Sexually reproducing populations almost never exhibit Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. However, the concept of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is valuable because it Allows biologists to determine what conditions drive evolution.
Evolution can be measured by using the Hardy-Weinberg equations. What steps are involved? Calculate p and q (where p is frequency of dominant allele and q is frequency of recessive allele) and compare allele frequencies in different generations.
The morphological definition of species is appropriate Whenever the potential for interbreeding cannot be observed, as in prokaryotic organisms and in extinct organisms.
Prezygotic barriers that work to prevent mating/fertilization are ecological, temporal, behavioral, mechanical, & gametic isolation. Which is exemplified by 13-yr periodical cicadas emerging in different years than 17-yr periodical cicadas? Temporal isolation
Postzygotic barriers include hybrid inviability, hybrid infertility, & hybrid breakdown. Which scenario would be an example of the first barrier? Two species of eucalyptus trees coexist in California forests, but hybrid offspring are very rare. Either hybrid seeds do not germinate, or hybrid seedlings die soon after sprouting.
Which method of speciation is controversial because it generates new species without geographic separation (polyploidy in plants can be its mechanism)? Sympatric speciation
Extinction is the death of every member of a species, and mass extinction is the "sudden" loss of >50% of known species. Why do small populations predict extinction? Few breeding individuals means that only a few beneficial alleles are available for natural selection in small populations.
Conditions on ancient Earth were very different from conditions today. How could organic molecules (carbohydrates, proteins, & lipids) generated only from random collisions between H2, CH4, NH3, & H2O persist and form a chemical "soup"? No organisms to metabolize them
During the evolution of life on Earth, which must have occurred first, and why? Photosynthesis in prokaryotes, changing Earth's atmosphere from reducing to oxidizing
When (in terms of eras) were plants & animals adapted for life on dry land the dominant forms of life? Mesozoic era
All primates have opposable thumbs, nails & not claws, binocular vision, & large brain for body size as their ancestral characters. Which primate is found in both Africa & Asia and Central & South America and has a tail? Simians
Agriculture's effect on human evolution is important; freed from the need to forage for food every day, humans could develop culture.
The three-domain system of naming and classifying organisms (taxonomy) does NOT include Viruses because they are acellular & therefore not living.
The general structure of a virus, an example of which is the causative agent of COVID-19, is DNA or RNA + protein capsid
The five stages of viral replication are attachment, penetration, synthesis, assembly, & release. Which events occur during the third stage? Copies of viral genome & viral proteins are produced by host cell's metabolic machinery
Which is a FALSE statement about viruses & viral diseases? Vaccination is never effective in preventing viral diseases or any cancers.
Viruses, viroids, & prions all cause disease but are not alive and therefore cannot be killed. Which is NOT true about these pathogens? Prions are infectious nucleic acid without protein.
Created by: knrandles
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