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Anatomy Exam 1
Human anatomy and Physiology 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| If half of a DNA molecule is ACG-TCC-GTA, the complementary half would be | TGC-AGG-CAT |
| Each strand of a replicated double helix of DNA is called | Chromatid |
| What is the importance of mitosis? | -Maintains chromosome number -Each cell type has certain genes turned "on" and other turned "off" to give different types of body cells. -Each cell in our body is genetically identical -important to the growth and repair of multicellular organisms. |
| What are the three main cell parts? | plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus |
| What does the cholesterol molecule do for the membrane? | Stabilize it (movement). |
| The plasma membrane consists primarily of | Phospholipids and proteins |
| What is found in the cells nucleus? | Chromatin, nucleolus, DNA |
| What is ER? | Systems of membranous channels and saccules. It is attached to the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope |
| The plasma membrane is | A selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer forming the boundary of the cells |
| What differentiates passive transport from active transport? | Passive transport does not use cellular energy while active transport uses cellular energy. |
| What happens to chromosome number as a result of mitosis | it is halved |
| Functions of membrane proteins include all of the following except | -Cell identification -stability -recepetors -carriers Answer: Stability |
| The material that is replicated prior to cell division is called | DNA |
| The random movement of simple substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is called | Diffusion |
| The movement of protein molecules with/in the phospholipid bilayer is described by the | Fluid mosaic model |
| What is cytokinesis? | Division of the cytoplasm and organelles |
| When does cytokineses begin and when does it end? | Begins in anaphase and ends in telophase |
| There are four stages in mitosis What are they? | Telophase, anaphase, metaphase, and prophase |
| What is cytoplasm? | Gelatinous, semi-fluid of water and suspended and dissolved substance |
| What does the cytoplasm do | Surrounds the cell, keeps it intact and regulates passage into and out if the cell |
| In the phospholipid Bilayer, what does protein serve as? | Receptors, channels, and carries. |
| The movement if H2O across a plasma membrane is called | diffusion |
| The chromosomes lining up randomly at the equator of the cell is during | metaphase |
| The protein if the cell cycle when a cell is not dividing and doing what it is design to do is called | Interphase |
| _____ are small hair-like extremities that produce movement across the surface of the cell | Celia |
| Tightly coild rod like structures of DNA and proteins are called | Chromosomes |
| -Has attached ribosomes/granules -Ribosomes synthesize (use) proteins that move towards the Golgi apparatus and eventually leave the cell. | Rough ER |
| -Has no attached ribosomes/granules -Synthesizes phospholipids, detoxifies (purifies) drugs, and has other functions depending on the type of cell | Smooth ER |
| What is used to maintain electrical neutrality? | -produces ATP -digests food -stores food -produces protein Answer: Produces ATP. |
| What is the atomic # (or element identity) | # of protons in nucleus |
| In chemical notation, the symbol | a calcium ion that has lost two electrons |
| The weakest bond between two | hydrogen |
| The arrangement of individual polypeptide in a protein containing more than one polypeptide results in a ___ level protein structure. | Quaternary |
| What is an element? | Basic substance that makes up matter |
| What is a compound | Atoms of different elements bond |
| How do molecules bond | When atoms bond to each other by covalent bonds |
| What is the mass # (element weight) | # of protons PLUS the # of neutrons |
| Ionic bonds are formed when? | electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another |
| Which one of the following changes would cause an atom to become a different element? | Decrease in the number of protons |
| Which is the primary energy currency of cells/most important high energy compound | ATP |
| Which bond results from the sharing of electrons? | covalent bonds |
| The most important metabolic fuel in the body is | glucose |
| what six elements | hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon, sulfur and phosphates |
| What are the four elements that makes up 90%of the human body | hydrogen, oxygen, carbon and nitrogen |
| Which is the most important high energy compound? | ATP |
| Which of the following is not an example of a carbohydrate? | Oil |
| Which of the following is not a cation | Cl- |
| Which of the following statements about water is not correct? | Has relatively low heat capacity |
| The pH of the least acidic solution is | 12.0 |
| What is the atomic # (or element identity) | # of protons in nucleus |
| What is in the outer shell of the atom | Electrons = (-) charge. (innermost shell has 2 electrons, and outer most shell has up to 8) |
| What makes up the nucleus? | Protons (+) charge Neutrons = no charge/neutral |
| What is an atom? | Smallest particle of an element that has physical and chemical properties of that element |
| What does the nervous system do? | detects and processes sensory information, activates bodily responses |
| What does the cardiovascular system do? | Delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues, equalizes temp in the body. |
| What does the lymphatic system do? | Returns fluid to blood, defends against pathogens |
| What does the respiratory system do? | Removes carbon dioxide from the body, delivers oxygen to the blood. |
| Name the parts of the digestive system | Stomach, liver, gall-bladder, large intestine, small intestine |
| Name the parts of the urinary system | Kidneys and urinary bladder |
| Name the parts of the male reproductive system | Epididymis and testes |
| Name the parts of the lymphatic system | Thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, and lymphatic vessels |
| Name the parts of the cardiovascular system | Heart, blood vessels |
| Name the parts of the female reproductive system | mammary glands, ovaries, and uterus. |
| Name the parts of the integumentary system | Hair skin and nails |
| Name the parts of the skeletal system | cartilage, bones, joint |
| cartilage, bones, joint | Pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, testes and ovaries. |
| Name the levels of organization from smallest to largest | cells, atom, molecule, organelle, tissue, organ, organ system, organism. |
| What does the endocrine system do? | Secretes hormones, regulates bodily processes |
| What does the muscular system do? | Enables movement (with skeletal system), helps maintain body temp. |
| Name the part that fall into the nervous system | Brain, Spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. |
| What does the integumentary system do? | Encloses internal body structures and is the site of many sensory receptors. |
| What does the skeletal system do? | Supports the body and enables movement W/ muscular system |
| What does the digestive system do? | Processes food for use by the body, Removes wastes from undigested food. |
| What does the urinary system do? | controls water balance in the body, removes wastes from the blood and excretes them |
| What does the reproductive system do? | Produces sex hormones and gametes, delivered gametes to female |
| What does the female reproductive system do? | Produces sex hormones and gametes, supports embryo/fetus until birth, produces breast milk for infant |
| Name the parts of the Respiratory system | Nasal passage, trachea, and lungs. |
Created by:
Angelise12
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