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biology chapter 2 vo
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ecology | scientific study of all the interrelationships between organisms and their environment |
| biosphere | relatively thin layer of Earth and its atmosphere that supports life |
| biotic factor | any living factor in an organism's environment |
| abiotic factor | any nonliving factor in an organism's environment, such as soil, water temperature, and light availability |
| population | group of organisms of the same species that occupy the same geographic place at the same time |
| biological community | all the interacting populations of different species that live in the same geographic location at the same time |
| ecosystem | biological community and all the nonliving factors that affects it |
| biome | large group of ecosystems that share the same climate and have similar types of communities |
| habitat | physical area in which an organism lives |
| niche | role, or position, of an organism in its environment |
| predation | act of one organism feeding on another organism |
| symbiosis | close mutualistic, parasitic, or commensail association between two or more species that live together |
| mutualism | symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit |
| commensalism | symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other organism is neither helped nor harmed |
| parasitism | symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits at the expense of another organism |
| autotroph | organism that captures energy from sunlight or inorganic substances t produce its own food; provides the foundation of the food supply for other organisms; also called a producer |
| heterotroph | organism that cannot make its own food and gets its nutrients and energy requirements by feeding on other organisms; also called a consumer |
| herbivore | heterotroph that only eats only plants |
| carnivore | heterotroph that preys on other heterotrophs |
| omnivore | heterotroph that consumes both plant and animals |
| detritivore | heterotroph that decomposes organic material and returns the nutrients to soil, air, water, making the nutrients available to other organisms |
| tropic level | each step in a food chain or food web |
| food chain | simplified model that shows a single path for energy flow through an ecosystem |
| food web | model that shows many interconnected food chains and pathways in which energy and matter flow through an ecosystem |
| biomass | total mass of living matter at each tropic level. |
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