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Biology - Speciation

Level 3

TermDefinition
Natural Selection "Survival of the fittest", better adapted alleles are selected for
Evolution Change in the gene pool of a population over time
Gene Pool The total set of alleles that are present within a population.
Co-Evolution Pattern of evolution; one species or group changes its genetic composition in response to a genetic change in another
Gene flow Movement of alleles from one population to another
Homologous structure Structures with common ancestry, now used for differing functions
Mutation An unrepaired change in DNA - the origin of all variation.
Instant Speciation Speciation resulting from polyploidy
Polyploidy A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets.
Post-zygotic Isolation Factors that prevent a hybrid persisting as a new species - includes hybrid inviability, hybrid infertility and hybrid breakdown
Pre-zygotic Isolation Factors that prevent a hybrid from being conceived - includes behaviour, structure, temporal, gamete incompatibility, geographical.
Selection pressure The environmental factors that favour certain phenotypes
Speciation Formation of new species
Allele frequency How often a form of a gene appears in a gene pool
Genetic Drift The random fluctuations of allele frequencies over time due to chance
Founder Effect Involves a small group of individuals moving away from the main population, establishing their own gene pool
Bottleneck effect An event which greatly reduces the population size
Allopatric speciation The formation of new species in populations that are geographically isolated from one another
Divergent evolution When one species branches to form two or more species
Geographical isolation Organisms can't reproduce due to physical separation
Sympatric speciation The formation of new species in populations that live in the same geographic area
Autopolyploid an individual that has more than two chromosome sets that are all derived from a single species
Allopolyploid A fertile individual that has more than two chromosome sets as a result of two different species interbreeding and combining their chromosomes
Adaptive radiation Pattern of evolution; a large number of species form to occupy different ecological niches.
Behavioural isolation Animals won't reproduce due to differences in courtship etc.
Created by: baileepaynee
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