-Small organic molecules arise abiotically from simple reduced chemicals sparked by lightning. -Complex macromolecules - Acquired the apparatus for self-replication and membrane compartmentalization.

Organic molecule synthesis to form biomolecules Three hypotheses:

-RNA world -Lipid world -Iron-Sulfur world

-Ribozyme Can catalyze own replication and protein synthesis -RNA initial nucleic acid -DNA larger; hold more information

-Liposomes Double-walled “bubbles”

“Iron-Sulfur World”

Amino acids and small peptides could form in presence of carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide with iron sulfide and nickel sulfide. Pressure and temp suggest formation of proteins near hydrothermal vents.

Cambrian Period (544 MYA):

Major groups of animals appear on fossil record Early Cambrian invertebrates “small shelly fossils” Trilobites Ancient insects Tectonics Super continent Fragmented in early

Ordovician Period (510 MYA):

Diverse Marine invertebrates Red and green algae Primitive fish, gastropods, cephalopods Climate -Gondwana settled near North Pole -Massive Glaciers formed -Sea levels lowered -Mass extinctions (60% of marine genera and 25% of families)

Silurian Period (438 MYA):

Melting of glaciers Stabilization of climate Life -Coral reefs -Vascular plants -Fish --Jawless, fresh water, and fish with jaws

Devonian Period (410 MYA):

Terrestrial vertebrates Terrestrial arthropods -Wingless insects -Arachnids Vascular plants -Ferns -Horsetails -Seeds Vegetatively propagated

Devonian Period (410 MYA) con.:

Lacked organic soil in early Devonian Soil looked red from bacterial and algal growth Plants lacked roots and leaves Vegetatively propagated

Carboniferous Period (355 MYA):

Name derived from coal deposits (England) Mississippian -MS River Valley -Limestone Pennsylvanian -Entire state -Coal deposits

Permian Period (290-251 MYA):

Largest mass extinction -95% marine -70% terrestrial --Mass extinction of insects Seed plants -Gymnosperms Pangea -Great seasonal fluctuations because of bodies of water Decreased glaciation

What caused the extinction? Four hypotheses:

1. Bolide impact events meteors 2. Massive volcanism 3. Serbian Traps (volcanic rock) Coal and gas fires 4. Clathrate gun hypothesis Methane release from sea floor due to sea temperature rise

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Evolution of Earth

Entomology

Question	Answer
Evolution fo earth:	-Small organic molecules arise abiotically from simple reduced chemicals sparked by lightning. -Complex macromolecules - Acquired the apparatus for self-replication and membrane compartmentalization.
Organic molecule synthesis to form biomolecules Three hypotheses:	-RNA world -Lipid world -Iron-Sulfur world
“RNA World”:	-Ribozyme Can catalyze own replication and protein synthesis -RNA initial nucleic acid -DNA larger; hold more information
“Lipid World”:	-Liposomes Double-walled “bubbles”
“Iron-Sulfur World”	Amino acids and small peptides could form in presence of carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide with iron sulfide and nickel sulfide. Pressure and temp suggest formation of proteins near hydrothermal vents.
Cambrian Period (544 MYA):	Major groups of animals appear on fossil record Early Cambrian invertebrates “small shelly fossils” Trilobites Ancient insects Tectonics Super continent Fragmented in early
Ordovician Period (510 MYA):	Diverse Marine invertebrates Red and green algae Primitive fish, gastropods, cephalopods Climate -Gondwana settled near North Pole -Massive Glaciers formed -Sea levels lowered -Mass extinctions (60% of marine genera and 25% of families)
Silurian Period (438 MYA):	Melting of glaciers Stabilization of climate Life -Coral reefs -Vascular plants -Fish --Jawless, fresh water, and fish with jaws
Devonian Period (410 MYA):	Terrestrial vertebrates Terrestrial arthropods -Wingless insects -Arachnids Vascular plants -Ferns -Horsetails -Seeds Vegetatively propagated
Devonian Period (410 MYA) con.:	Lacked organic soil in early Devonian Soil looked red from bacterial and algal growth Plants lacked roots and leaves Vegetatively propagated
Carboniferous Period (355 MYA):	Name derived from coal deposits (England) Mississippian -MS River Valley -Limestone Pennsylvanian -Entire state -Coal deposits
Permian Period (290-251 MYA):	Largest mass extinction -95% marine -70% terrestrial --Mass extinction of insects Seed plants -Gymnosperms Pangea -Great seasonal fluctuations because of bodies of water Decreased glaciation
What caused the extinction? Four hypotheses:	1. Bolide impact events meteors 2. Massive volcanism 3. Serbian Traps (volcanic rock) Coal and gas fires 4. Clathrate gun hypothesis Methane release from sea floor due to sea temperature rise

Created by: Zayla

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