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Chapter 3 Study Guid

QuestionAnswer
What are the three types of rock? Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic.
What is the basis for classifying rocks into their types? Texture and composition.
How do each of the 3 types form? Igneous - From magma or lava, Sedimentary - Form from sediment, Metamorphic - Form from changes due to heat and/or pressure.
What is the definition of a rock? Any solid substance of mineral or mineral-like matter that occurs naturally.
Where does the energy come from that drives the formation of sedimentary rocks? The sun. Powers processes that create sedimentary rock.
Where does the energy come from that drives the formation of metamorphic and igneous rocks? Earth’s internal heat. Powers processes that create igneous and metamorphic rock.
Glassy texture: No crystals or particles. Can look really smooth, like glass. Can look really smooth, like glass. This occurs when gas bubbles get trapped in lava and it cools so fast the bubbles can’t escape.
Porphyritic texture: Occurs when rock is composed of different minerals that have different melting points. This would allow some minerals to harden at higher temperatures than others. Creates an appearance where the rock has some large crystals and some small crystals.
Coarse-grained texture: Large crystals. Cooled slowly.
Fine-grained texture: Small crystals or particles. Cooled somewhat rapidly.
What is the difference between igneous extrusive and igneous intrusive rocks? Igneous intrusive - Form from magma underground. Cool more slowly so larger crystals develop. Igneous extrusive - Form from lava above surface. Cool rapidly so only tiny particles can develop, if any.
What is the difference between chemical and clastic sedimentary rocks? Clastic rocks are classified by particle size. Chemical dissolved minerals come out of water to form rocks.
Be able to list, in order, the steps in the formation of clastic sedimentary rocks. Weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation.
In what type of rocks are fossils generally found? Why not the other types? Sedimentary rocks contains fossils while the others may not have any or just have a few.
What is the difference between contact and regional metamorphism? Contact metamorphism is due to small scale, due to heat, and near a body of magma. Regional metamorphism is due to large scale, normally pressure (sometimes heat as well), and often along plate boundaries.
What does it mean if a metamorphic rock is foliated? Layered. Mainly due to pressure from regional metamorphism.
Created by: Hanna4675
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