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Ch3: Geriatric Pharm
Chapter 3: Geriatric Pharmacology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is Geriatric? | Pertaining to the treatment of the aged (individuals over 65 years of age) |
| what affects drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion and the size of organs? | aging |
| for drug absorption, it slows down due to a decrease in: | -blood flow to the intestines - intestinal absorptive surface area - gastric acid secretions - intestinal motility |
| for drug distribution, it is altered die to a decrease in: | - lean body mass and total body water - plasma proteins |
| what does an increase in body fat cause? | lipid-soluble drugs to be distributed o the organs that have high fat content |
| when the lipid-soluble drugs get distributed to the organs that have high fat content, what does it lead to? | longer half-life and duration of action |
| for drug metabolism, it is altered by a decrease in: | - blood flow to the liver - production of microsomal metabolizing enzymes |
| what does mixed-function oxidase system mean? | enzymes that oxidase drugs |
| what can mixed-function oxidase system lead to? | prolonged drug effects |
| for excretion, it is altered by a decrease in: | - blood flow to the kidneys - all areas of renal function |
| what do drugs eliminated through the renal excretion increase? | - duration of drug action - plasma drug concentration - pharmacological effects |
| what are some pharmacokinetic processes? | - drug absorption - drug distribution - drug metabolism - drug excretion |
| what are age-related changes in drug absorption? | decreased intestinal blood flow, surface area, and motility delay drug absorption and slow onset of drug action |
| what are age-related changes in drug excretion? | age-related decreased in renal function and blood flow slow the rate of drug excretion and increase the duration and intensity of drug action |
| what are are-related changes in drug distribution? | decreased body water, lean body mass, and plasma proteins along with increased fat content increase plasma drug concentrations and pharmacologic effects |
| what are age-related changes in drug metabolism? | decreased liver blood flow, liver organ size, and enzyme concentrations decrease the rate of drug metabolism and increase the duration and intensity of drug Action |
| what are some effects of age on drug response, factors: | - nutritional status - presence of disease - changes in pharmacodynamic response |
| what drugs help with congestive heart failure? | cardiac depressants; beta-blockers, some calcium blockers (verapamil, diltiazem) |
| what are a consequences of congestive heart failure drugs? | excessive cardiac depression, hypo-tension, cardiac arrest |
| what drugs help with diabetes mellitis? | thiazide and loop diuretics, beta-blockers |
| what are a consequences of diabetes mellitis drugs? | alternation of blood glucose |
| what drugs help with hypertension? | nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
| what are a consequence of hypertension drugs? | interfere with antihypertensive actions of diuretics and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors |
| what drugs help with Hypokalemia? | thiazide and loop diuretics, cardia glycosides (digoxin) |
| what are a consequences of Hypokalemia drugs? | increase loss of potassium and may cause cardiac arrhythmias |
| what drugs help with Mental depression? | CNS depressants, propranolol, antihypertensives causing CNS depression (clonidine) |
| what are a consequence of Mental depression drugs? | increase mental depression, precipitate depressive episodes |
| what drugs help with Prostatic hypertrophy? | Anticholinergic drugs |
| what are a consequence to prostatic hypertrophy drugs? | increase difficulty of urination, urinary retention |
| what drugs help with renal disease? | nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, aminoglycosides |
| what are a consequence to renal disease drug? | decrease renal function, may cause renal failure |
| what drugs help with respiratory disease, bronchitis, emphysema? | nonselective beta-blockers |
| what are a consequence of respiratory disease, bronchitis, emphysema drugs? | bronchoconstriction, respiratory distress |
| t or f: elderly patients face difficulty in understanding and remembering their medications | true |
| what is polypharmacy? | use of multiple medications |
| what does it allow if patients may need a change in dosage form? | allows easier administration |
Created by:
naf22108
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