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152 quiz 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| neurotransmitter | chemical substance that functions as a neuromessenger |
| decreased dopamine | Parkinson's disease and depression caused by |
| increased dopamine | Schizophrenia and mania caused by |
| decreased norepinephrine | DepressioN caused by |
| increased norepinephrine | Mania, anxiety, and schizophrenia caused by |
| decreased serotonin | DepreSsion caused by |
| decreased GABA | Anxiety caused by |
| decreased glutamate | Psychosis caused by |
| increased glutamate | Alzheimer's disease caused by |
| decreased acetylcholine | Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and Parkinson's caused by |
| limbic system | plays a crucial role in emotional status and psychological function |
| pharmacodynamics | the study of what a drug does to the body and how it does it |
| pharmacokinetics | the movement of a drug through the body |
| absorption | how is the body absorbed into the body? |
| distribution | how is the drug distributed throughout the body? |
| metabolism | how is the drug transformed for use and eventual excretion? |
| excretion | how is the drug excreted from the body? |
| pharmacogenetics | explains how genetic variations lead to differences in medication tolerability and responses in individuals and ethnic groups |
| agonist | mimics the effects of a neurotransmitter naturally found in the brain by binding and stimulating the neurotransmitter's receptor |
| antagonist | blocks a neurotransmitter from binding to its receptor, obstructing the neurotransmitter's action |
| benzodiazepines action | increases action of GABA |
| benzodiazepines purpose | antianxiety, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, amnestic, muscle relaxant, withdrawal |
| benzodiazepines examples | alprazolam(Xanax), clonazepam(Klonopin), diazepam(Valium), lorazepam(Ativan) |
| benzodiazepines side effects | overexpression of therapeutic (esp. with CNS depressants), sedation, ataxia, anterograde amnesia, paradoxical reactions(insomnia, hallucinations) |
| nonbenzo examples | buspirone(BuSpar), zolpidem(Ambien), zaleplon(Sonata), eszopiclone(Lunesta) |
| nonbenzo purpose | reduces anxiety without antianxiety, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant |
| SSRI examples | fluoxetine(Prozac), sertraline(Zoloft), escitalopram(Lexapro) |
| SSRI action | blocks the reuptake of serotonin, making it more available in synapse |
| SSRI purpose | treatment of major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders |
| SSRI side effects | nausea, restlessness, jitteriness, sleep disturbances, sexual dysfunction*, GI disturbances |
| serotonin syndrome | serious hyperpyrexia, increased BP, altered mental status, seizures, apnea, death; risk with all antidepressants |
| antidepressants blackbox | increased risk for suicide at initial treatment |
| NaSSA example | mirtazapine(Remeron) |
| NaSSA action | increases norepinephrine and serotonin transmission by antagonism of receptor sites |
| NaSSA side effects | weight gaiN, sedation |
| NDRI example | buproprion(Wellbutrin), Zyban |
| NDRI action | blocks reuptake of norepinephrine/dopamine |
| NDRI side effects | insomnia, tremor, anorexia, weight loss, increased risk for seizures |
| SARI examples | nefazodone(Serzone), trazodone(Desyrel/Oleptro) |
| SARI side effects | sedation, headache, nausea, dizziness, blurred vision |
| nefazodone serious | life-threatening liver failure |
| SNRI examples | venlafaxine(Effexor), duloxetine(Cymbalta) |
| SNRI action | blocks reuptake of norepinephrine |
| SNRI side effects | excessive sweating, dose-dependent increases in BP & HR, nausea, dry mouth, constipation |
| SMS example | vortioxetine(Trintellix) |
| SMS action | inhibits serotonin reuptake of many serotonin receptors |
| SMS side effects | GI, constipation, n/v, hyponatremia |
| SPARI example | vilazodone(Viibryd) |
| SPARI action | inhibits serotonin transporters and stimulates receptors |
| SPARI side effects | GI, insomnia |
| TCA action | block reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin |
| TCA side effects | urinary retention, constipation, blurred vision, postural hypotension, cardiac dysrhythmias, lethal in OD |
| TCA examples | amitriptyline(Elavil), imipramine(Tofranil) |
| MAOI examples | phenelzine(Nardil), tranylcypromine(Parnate) |
| MAOI action | inhibit the action of MAO enzymes, preventing the destruction of monoamines |
| MAOI warning | avoid food substances that contain tyramine -> hypertensive crisis |
| lithium action | may act by affecting electrical conductivity in neurons |
| lithium purpose | bipolar disorder |
| lithium side effects | GI, weight gain, ataxia, sedation, fine tremor |
| lithium warning | narrow therapeutic index, long term use can affect kidneys/thyroid |
| valproate(Depakote) side effects | sedation, weight gain, tremor, liver failure(monitor) |
| carbamazepine(Tegretol) side effects | dizziness, somnolence, nausea, vomiting, ataxia, blurred vision, monitor blood levels |
| lamotrigine(Lamictal) side effects | life-threatening rash(sign of Stevens-Johnson syndrome) |
| typicals action | decrease dopamine activity in CNS |
| typicals purpose | positive symptoms of schizophrenia |
| typicals examples | Haldol, Thorazine, Phenothizine-like drugs |
| typicals side effects | akathisia, acute dystonia, pseudoparkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia |
| typicals warning | neuroleptic malignant syndrome |
| atypicals purpose | targets positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia |
| atypicals side effects | weight gain, metabolic syndrome, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, agranulocytosis |
| atypicals blackbox | sudden death from stroke |
| atypicals examples | Clozaril, Risperdal, Seroquel, Zyprexa, Geodon, Abilify, Invega |
| ADHD med action | may inhibit overactive part of limbic system |
| ADHD med examples | Ritalin, Adderall, Strattera |
| ADHD med side effects | insomnia, increased BP &HR, agitation, growth suppression |
| nonbenzo side effects | hallucinations, abnormal behaviors, suicidal thoughts, sleepwalking |
| Alz med examples | Aricept, Exelon, Namenda |
| Alz med purpose | treat to slow degeneration; maintain normal brain function as long as possible |
| homeostasis | function of brain: maintenance of _______ |
| autonomic | function of brain: regulation of ______ nervous system and hormones |
| biological | function of brain: control of _______ drives and behavior |
| circadian | regulate sleep cycle and _______ rhythms |
| mental | function of brain: conscious ______ activity |
| memory | function of brain: ________ & social skills |
Created by:
mpvought
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