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1610 Ch. 2
Things to Know
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The outer most orbit of an Electron(e-) | Valence Shell |
| 4 naturally occurring elements | (O)Oxygen=65%(C)Carbon=19%(H)Hydrogen=10%(N)Nitrogen=3% |
| Neutrons | part of the Nucleus that has no charge |
| Protons | Part of the Nucleus that has a charge |
| The scale that determines acidic between bases | pH Scale (H+ to OH-) |
| Acidic | rips Electrons(e-)away |
| Bases | gives off Electron(e-) because it has to many |
| Cells are___water, the rest consist of____-based____ | 70-95%, Carbon-based Compounds |
| Hydrocarbons | Organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen |
| Functional groups | The most important chemical group in the processes of life, the number and arrangement give each molecule its unique properties |
| the 7 Functional Groups are | HydroxylCarbonylCarboxyl Amino SulfhydrylPhosphateMethyl |
| Monomers are? And linked together to Form | Organic Compounds in an individual unit. A Polymer. |
| Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids & Nucleic Acids are part of what? | a Monomer |
| OSE is a suffix.**Ex: Pentose, Hexose both carbon sugars | Sugars or Carbohydrates |
| Make Fuel for your body. | Carbohydrates |
| Monosaccharide | A simple sugar that serves as a building block |
| Composed of TWO monosaccharide | Disaccharide |
| Starches are insoluble in water and thus can serve as storage depots of glucose. | Polysaccharide |
| Types of carbohydrates | Monosaccharide, Disaccharide, Polysaccharide |
| ____is a stored carbohydrate in animals | Glycogen |
| Cellulose | is digested by animals through grass, and get energy from |
| Chitin | Outer skeleton of insects, crabs and also used as stitches |
| ____are made up of 20 different amino acids, these structural molecules that support, protect, store and transport amino acids | Proteins |
| Peptide Bonds | Dehydrate a protein and bonds a carboxyl and amino acid |
| Joins a carbohydrate molecule to another group, which might not be a sugar | Glycosidic Linkage |
| The bonding between fatty acids and glycerol | Ester Linkage |
| Polypeptide Chain | A long sequence of amino acids bonded together |
| Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary | Shapes of protein |
| Helical and Pleated Shaped, flexible protein is... | Secondary |
| Quaternary | Has two or more tertiary bonds bonded together |
| Linear shape protein | Primary |
| Tertiary | Waded up bonds between side groups |
| Lipids | Function as energy; they are made of Glycerol and fatty Acids. |
| Types of Lipids | Simple Lipid, Complex Lipid, Steroids |
| Monoglyceride | 1 Fatty acid |
| Diglyceride | 2 Fatty acids |
| Triglyceride | 3 fatty acids |
| Describe a Phospholipid. | It has saturated and unsaturated fatty acid tail. The head is hydrophilic and the tail is Hydrophobic. The head is a phosphate joined to two fatty acids by Ester Linkage |
| Monomers of DNA or RNA | Nucleotides...A phosphate, sugar and nitrogenous base. |
| Purines- | Adenine and Guanine(DRS) |
| Pyrimidines | Cytosine, Thymine(SRS) |
| Catalyst | Chemical that changes the rate of a reaction w/o being consumed in the reactionEnzyme+Substrate--->Product |
| Cell Types | Eukaryotic, Prokaryotic |
| (SEM)Scanning Electron Micrograph | Views the outer layer of detailed external anatomy |
| (TEM)Transmission Electron Micrograph | Slices a section of an organism and gives you a inside look...CATSCAN |
| This particular Molecule changes the shape of an enzyme, making it not function.(not allowing substrate to fit) | Allosteric |
| Compete with substrate by binding to active site | Competitive Inhibitors |
| Non-Competitive inhibitors | cause enzymes to change shape by binding to another part of the enzyme |
| The control center for the cell. Contains Chromosomes and is a Double Membranous function to make ribosome. | Nucleus |
| Smooth ER | has no ribosome’s, is the syntheses of lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates and detoxification of drugs and poisons |
| Function to synthesize proteins | Ribosomes |
| Found in the gel-like materials in Cytoplasm | Cytosol |
| A complex of nucleic acids and proteins, condensed to form chromosomes during cell division. | Chomatin |
| Rough ER | Makes special protein and stabilizes the amount of sugar in body. |
| Vesicle | Removes waist material from the cell |
| Extracellular components | Coordinate cellular activities, different cells stuck together. |
| Microtubules | Maintenance of cell shape, have internal movement of organelles |
| Receive--->Sort--->Ship. Flattened sacks stacked together, with in and out flow. | Golgi apparatus |
| Lysosomes | Break down worn out organelles or "digest food", for nutrients to other parts of The Cell |
| Chloroplast | found in plant cells take in the light from photosynthesis and make the plant green. double Membranes, has its own DNA. |
| Made of Microtubules involved in cell reproduction | Centrioles |
| Fibers that support and transport mechanisms for plants. | Cytoskeleton |
| Microfilaments | Maintenance of cell shape and contracts muscles |
| GIGA | Billion |
| MEGA | Million |
| KILLO | Thousand |
| base unit | BASE |
| CENTI | Hundredth |
| MILI | Thousandth |
| MICRO | Millionth |
| NANO | Billionth |
| Scientific Method | Ask questions, Do Research, Construct a hypothesis, Analyze your data and draw conclusion, communicate your results. |
| Tested for presents of Monosaccharide’s (reducing sugars) | Benedicts |
| Tested for presents of polysaccharides (starch) | Lugols |
| Biuret | Tested for presents of protein |
| Chemistry | The science concerned with the composition, behavior, structure, and properties of matter, as well as the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions. |
Created by:
Grace Perry
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