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Humanities Revision
Test for Humanities, Criminal and Civil Law
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What is the order of the court hierarchy? | High Court, Supreme Court, County Court, Magistrates Court, Federal Court, Family Court |
What cases do you hear in the High Court? | They hear things about the law, special permissions or appeals from lower courts |
What cases do you hear in the Supreme Court? | Murder, Manslaughter, Civil Justice/Disputes involving large sums of money |
What cases do you hear in the County Court? | Indictable offences like murder, rape, theft, assault or appeals from the magistrates court |
What cases do you hear in the Magistrates Court? | Summary offences like traffic offences or property damage as well as legal disputes involving less than $100,000 |
What cases do you hear in the Federal Court? | Criminal cases created by federal legislation |
What cases do you hear in the Family Court? | Hear cases dealing with family matters, e.g parents divorce or custody over children |
What is the purpose of criminal law? | Criminal laws are made to protect the community as a whole. |
List some examples of criminal crimes? | Murder, Theft, Rape and Assault. |
Know the difference between Summary and Indictable offences. Have examples. | Summary offences are minor things like traffic offenses Indictable offences are serious things like murder, manslaughter. |
Define Actus reus | The act of committing a crime |
Define Mens rea | Guilty mind or intent |
Define Malice aforethought | The intention of killing or harming |
Define murder & Manslaughter and understand how they are different | Murder is with mens rea (intent) Manslaughter can be accidental, without mens rea |
List difference ways people can claim criminal defence | Self-defence, Accident, Necessity or Duress |
Define: Diminished responsibility | When someone lacks mens rea and can be accused of manslaughter |
What are the 3 ways someone can claim diminished responsibility. | Doli incapax, Mental impairment and Intoxication |
What is Doli incapax? | Being found incapable of forming intent (mens rea) Usually underage children will receive this sentence. |
How can Mental impairment be claimed in a criminal case? | Diminished and Impaired |
What is the purpose/aim of Civil law? | To return the person who was wronged back to where they were before the wronging occurred. |
What types of damages or remedies can be given in civil law cases? | Compensation, Damages, Contract |
What is Tort law? List 3 examples | Negligence Tort, Defamation Tort, Trespass Tort |
Define contract law | Contracts are legally enforceable agreements made between individuals. |
What is defamation, can you find a case as an example? | When an individual's reputation is damaged because of false accusations. |
Parties of Dispute - Civil and Criminal | Civil - Plaintiff v Defendant Last name v Last name Criminal - Prosecution/Crown v Defendant DPP v Last name |
Who takes the action? - Civil and Criminal | Civil - The plaintiff Criminal - The prosecution (DPP) |
What is the Nature of Action? - Civil and Criminal | Civil - Sue Criminal - Prosecute |
What is the standard of proof required? - Civil and Criminal | Civil - On the balance of probabilities Criminal - Beyond reasonable doubt |
What is the Burden of proof? - Civil and Criminal | Civil - Plaintiff Criminal - Prosecution |
What is the verdict/decision? - Civil and Criminal | Civil - Liable for Plaintiff Not liable for defendant Criminal - Defendant found guilty or not guilty |
What are the outcomes? - Civil and Criminal | Civil - Compensation Criminal - Fine/Bond, Probation, Jail or Community orders |
Who hears civil cases? | 6 jurors (Different for county and supreme) Majority verdict |
Who hears criminal cases? | 12 jurors (Compulsory) Majority vote except murder |