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154 exam 1

TermDefinition
pharmacology the study of drugs
pharmacodynamics the effect that drugs have on the body
pharmacokinetics the effect the body has on the drugs
route of administration The main factor which relates to absorption of drugs is the __________________________
enteric-coated slowest to absorb; designed to break down in the small intestine
IV drugs fastest to absorb
bioequivalent drugs absorbed at the same rate
enteral all drugs absorbed through the mucosa of stomach or small intestine which includes oral, sublingual, and buccal
parenteral usually referred to as injections and can include IV, IM, SQ, intradermal
topical usually means applied to eyes, ears, vagina, rectum, lungs, nose, or skin
protein binding drug distribution is affected by the extent that the drug binds to plasma proteins
albumin largest protein
liver metabolism mainly occurs here
pro-drugs drugs that are activated by hepatic metabolism
half-life the time required for half of an administered dose of drug to be eliminated by the body
first pass effect drug is largely destroyed by the liver enzymes and is rendered ineffective
agonist activate receptors to produce a response
antagonist bind with receptors but do not activate them or cause a response; can block activation
troche form of buccal medicine
onset of action time required for a drug to elicit a response
peak time required for drug to work at its maximum
trough drug is at its lowest effect
duration how long does the effect of the drug last
narrow therapeutic window the ratio between the therapeutic and the toxic levels of the drug
acute something that just came up; tonsillitis, strep
maintenance something taken every day to maintain; antihypertensive
supplemental getting blood transfusion, taking Synthroid, taking insulin
palliative treating but not curing, comfortable
prophylactic trying to prevent; antibiotic after close exposure, birth control
adverse effect negative effect of the drug
tolerance decreasing response to repeated drug doses
dependence physical or psychological need for a drug
additive effect 1+1=2
synergistic effect 1+1=4
antagonistic effect give 2 drugs at the same time and one lessens the effect of the other
idiosyncratic reaction usually genetically predetermined abnormal response to a drug; not expected at all
teratogenic drug is harmful to unborn baby
mutagenic capable of inducing genetic mutation
carcinogenic capable of inducing cancer
polymorphism very same drug can reduce different response in individual based on age, gender, race, genetics, and environment
Durham-Humphrey Amendment 1951, "prescription drugs"
Kefauver-Harris Amendment 1962, drug manufacturers required to assure drugs are safe before put on the market
Controlled Substance Act 1970, established "schedules" for controlled substances
Phase I involves small numbers of healthy volunteers to determine optimal dosage range and pharmacokinetics of the drug
Phase II involves volunteers who actually HAVE the disease or condition the drug is designed to treat; therapeutic doses are refined
Phase III involves large numbers of volunteers; determine risks of taking the drug and side effects
Phase IV post marketing research occurs; data collected and monitored for side effects and therapeutic effects
C-1 no medical use; heroin, LSD, marijuana
C-2 medically accepted use, highly addicting; can only get 30 day supply, cannot call in to pharmacy; codeine, morphine, oxycontin, demerol, ritalin, dilaudid
C-3 addicting, but not as highly; can get 30 day supply with 5 refills; Tylenol #3, Vicoprofen
C-4 can get 30 day supply with 5 refills, expires in 6 months whether you use refills or not; sleeping pills, benzodiazepines
C-5 cough meds and diarrhea meds
Created by: mpvought
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