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Ch 2 Foundations Pt2

Vocabulary

TermDefinition
Kepler derived three laws of planetary motion
Brahe made detailed observations on the motions of planets, which influenced Kepler's work
Ellipse orbit of an object under gravity which resembles an elongated circle
Foci two points within an ellipse whose distance from each other determines their orbit's eccentricity
Semimajor Axis the largest radius of an ellipse
Orbital Period time for one body to orbit another
Eccentricity a measure of the flatness of an ellipse
Perihelion the closest an object gets to the Sun in its orbit
Aphelion the furthest an object gets from the Sun in its orbit
Astronomical Unit average distance between the Earth and the Sun
Radar radio waves bounced off objects to determine their distance
Newton derived three laws of motion, and the law of universal gravitation
Acceleration how much an object's motion changes
Force push or pull that can cause an object's motion to change
Mass total matter within an object
Gravity attractive field force between objects with mass
Weight gravitational force exerted on an object's mass by another
Centripetal Acceleration acceleration directed toward the center of an object's orbit
Center of Mass "average" position in space of all the matter comprising a number of orbiting bodies
Inertia tendency of an object to continue behaving as it was, either moving or sitting still
Escape Velocity speed required to escape the gravitational influence of another object and leave its orbit
Created by: john_bailey720
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