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1.2 Eukaryotics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define organelle | tiny structure within a cell with a specific structure and function |
| Describe a eukaryote | 1. complex 2. compartmentalized 3. membrane-bound organelles 4. 1.5 billion years old |
| Nucleus | 1. contains linear DNA 2. directs the cell's activities |
| Nuclear envelope | 1. double membrane around the nucleus 2. controls movement of materials |
| Nucleolus | 1. specialized area in the nucleus 2. produces 80s ribosomes |
| Vacuole | 1. storage area |
| Rough endoplasmic reticulum | 1. series of membrane channels 2. bound 80s ribosomes 3. creates secretory proteins |
| Smooth endoplasmic reticulum | 1. series of membrane channels 2. no ribosomes 3. lipid synthesis |
| Golgi apparatus | 1. flattened, stacked membrane sacs near plasma membrane 2. modifies and packages secretory proteins |
| Mitochondria | 1. site of ATP production 2. aerobic cellular respiration 3. 70s ribosomes and circular, maternal DNA 4. double membrane |
| Chloroplast | 1. photosynthesis 2. 70s ribosomes and circular DNA 3. double membrane |
| Cell wall | 1. protects and supports cell 2. made of cellulose 3. extracellular |
| Lysosome | 1. sac that breaks down macromolecules 2. contains strong enzymes |
| Eukaryotic? | plant cells: yes / animal cells: yes |
| Nuclei? | plant cells: yes / animal cells: yes |
| Chloroplast? | plant cells: yes / animal cells: no |
| Cell wall? | plant cells: yes / animal cells: no |
| Plasmodesmata? | plant cells: yes / animal cells: no |
| Centrioles? | plant cells: no / animal cells: yes |
| Cell shape? | plant cells: fixed / animal cells: amorphous |
| Vacuoles? | plant cells: large / animal cells: small |
| Extracellular component in plants | cell wall |
| Extracellular component in animals | extracellular matrix |
| cell wall fuctions | support, protection, stabilization |
| extracellular matrix functions | support, separation, communication |
| synthesis of living to non-living | 1. inorganic molecules create organic molecules 2. organic molecules assemble into polymers 3. polymers begin to self-replicate 4. self-replicating polymers become surrounded by membranes |
| steps of Pasteur's swan neck flask experiment | 1. placed nutrient rich broth into swan neck flasks and boiled it 2. removed swan necks to expose half of the flasks to air 3. microorganisms appeared in open flasks but not the others |
| Common ancestry evidence | 1. all cells have the same nucleotides in their DNA 2. All cells have the same codons to make amino acids |
| endosymbiont | cell living inside another cell with mutual benefit |
| Endosymbionic theory | an aerobic cell was engulfed by an anaerobic cell via endocytosis and they eventually formed a eukaryotic cell |
| Endosymbionic examples | Chloroplasts and mitochondria: 1. have their own DNA 2. have 70s ribosomes 3. have double membranes 4. same size as bacteria |
Created by:
luciepike
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