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Science !

QuestionAnswer
What are some patterns of inheritance in humans? single genes with two alleles, single genes with multiple alleles, and traits controlled by multiple genes
What are multiple alleles? Three or more forms of a gene that code for a single trait
What is an example of a trait controlled by single genes with two alleles? hairline: widow's peak or straight hairline
What is an example of a trait controlled by single genes with multiple alleles? blood type
What are the four types of blood type? A, B, AB, and O
What is an example of a trait controlled by many genes? height and skin color
What is a sex chromosome? 23 pairs of chromosomes in each body cell; carry genes that determine whether a person is male or female
What is a carrier? an organism who has one recessive allele for a trait and one dominant allele
What is the relationship between genes and environment? many of a person's characteristics are determined by an interaction between genes and the environment
What is a genetic disorder? an abnormal condition a person inherits through genes or chromosomes
What are the main causes of genetic disorders? Te mutations in DNA of genes and changes in the overall structure or number of chromosomes
What is cystic Fibrosis? a genetic disorder in which the body produces abnormally thick mucus in the lungs and intestines, making it hard to breathe and digest food
What is sickle-cell disease? a genetic disorder that effects the hemoglobin- the protein in blood that carries oxygen
What is hemophilia? a genetic disorder in which the blood clots very slowly or not at all
What is Down-syndrome? a genetic disorder that is due to an extra copy of chromosome 21; occurs when chromosomes fail to separate properly during meiosis
What is a pedigree? a chart or "family tree" that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait
What is a karyotype? a picture of all the chromosomes in a cell
What is are three methods for developing organisms with desirable traits? Selective breeding, cloning, and genetic engineering
What is selective breeding? the process of selecting organisms with desired traits to be parents of the next generation
what is inbreeding? crossing two individuals who have similar characteristics
What is hybridization? crossing two genetically different individuals
What is a clone? an organism which is genetically similar to the organism from which it was produced
What is genetic engineering? genes from one organism transferred into the DNA of another organism
what is gene therapy? the working copies of gene inserted directly into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder
What is a genome? All the DNA in one cell of an organism
What is the main goal of the Human Genome Project? to identify every DNA sequence of every gene in the human genome
Created by: Jujubees
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