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Cell Division

Cell Division Science 7

TermDefinition
interphase period of growth and development in the life of a eukaryotic cell
diploid two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent
mitosis process in which the nucleus divides to form two identical nuclei
phases of mitosis prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase (PMAT; "Passed My Art Test")
chromosome structure in the nucleus that contains hereditary material
chromatid two thickened identical strands made from duplicated chromosomes coiled tightly
prophase pairs of chromatids are fully visible, nuclelous and nuclear membrane disintegrate, cetrioles move to opposite ends of cell
metaphase pairs of chromatids line up across the center of the cell
anaphase centromere divides, chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of cell
telophase spindle fibers disappear, chromosomes uncoil, new nucleus forms
cytokinesis cytoplasm divides after mitosis is complete
division of the cytoplasm in ANIMALS cell membrane pinches in middle and cytoplasm divides
division of the cytoplasm in PLANTS a cell plate appears and new cell walls form along the plate (new cell membranes develop inside the cell walls)
results of mitosis division of the nucleus produces two new nuclei that are identical to each other and the original nucleus; each new nucleus has the same number and type of chromosomes; allows growth and replaces worn out/damaged cells
sexual reproduction -a new organism is produced from TWO organisms -new organism does not have identical hereditary material
asexual reproduction a new organism is produced from ONE organism; new organism has identical hereditary material
fission how bacteria reproduce (does not contain nucleus); copies genetic material then divides into two identical organisms
budding the bud on the adult becomes large enough and it breaks away to live on its own
regeneration using cell division to regrow body parts (ex. sponges, starfish)
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