Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
VET140- Microbiology
Gram Positive Organisms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Disease | develops when microorganisms enter the body, multiply, and produce a reaction to disrupt normal body function. |
| Gram + Organisms | -Staphylococcus species, Streptococcus species, including Enterococcus, Corynebacterium spp and Rhodococcus equi, Actinomycetes, including Nocardia and Dermatophilis, Listeria spp and Erysipelothrix, Bacillus spp, Clostridium spp, and Mycobacterium. |
| Staphylococcus | Gram + purple/blue cocci, 1 micron in diameter, form irregular clusters resembling grapes, most common species isolated in vet med. |
| Staphylococcus Ecology | - 30+ species are commensals on skin and mucous membrane, some produce opportunistic pyogenic infections, several are important pathogens, most are facultative anaerobes, stable in the environment, multiple plasmids. |
| Ecology | the branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings. |
| Alpha-toxin | major toxin in gangrenous (decomposition) mastitis; spasm of smooth muscle that releases prostaglandins and impair macrophages. |
| Beta-toxin | toxin that damages the cell membrane. |
| Exfoliative toxins | toxins that causes scalded skin syndrome in humans. |
| Entertoxin | a toxin that causes food poisoning in humans. It effects nerves within the GI tract. |
| Toxin Shock Syndrome Toxin (endotoxin) | Can lead to DIC (Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy) or tumor necrosis factor. |
| Coagulase | this activates thrombin, with conversion of fibrogen to fibrin. The fibrin deposits may shield Staph. from phagocytosis. |
| Lipase, esterases, elastases, staphylokinase, deoxyribonuclease, hyaluronidase, phospholipase | these contribute to virulence |
| Virulence | the severity or harmfulness of a disease or poison. |
| Staph Biochemical Profile | biochemical profile: catalase +. This is done by a coagulase test |
| Staphylococcus epidermidis | bacteria that is generally non-pathogenic and are coagulase negative. |
| Staphylococcus aureus | bacteria that is pathogenic and coagulase positive |
| Staph Pathogenicity | -often produce pus lesions, affecting dogs, cats, pigs, horses, goats, cattle, etc. -minor trauma or immuno-supp. predisposes infection. -generally occurs w/ high bacteria concentration -several virulence factors. |
| Small Staph Plasmids | these plasmids encode resistance to various antibiotics. |
| Large Staph Plasmids | these plasmids have resistance to penicillin and heavy metals. |
| Staphylococcus aureus diseases | this bacteria causes mastitis that can be acute or chronic. Abscess and fibrosis interferes w/ abx penetration. Tested w/ California Mastitis Test. Tx once, if not effective, animal is culled or kept for egg harvesting. |
| Staph. auerus in sheep | this bacteria in sheep causes mastitis, tick pyaemia, benign folliculitis in lambs, dermatitis. |
| Staph. aureus in goats | this bacteria in goats causes mastitis and dermatitis |
| Staph. aureus in poultry | this bacteria in poultry causes arthritis, septicemia in turkeys, omphalitis in chicks, bumblefoot. |
| Staph in Public Health | this bacteria causes food poisoning and skin infections in humans. 95% of cases are non-responsive to Penicillin and the skin infection is MRSA (Methicillin resistant). |
| Staphylococcus Entertoxins | these entertoxins cause food poisoning in humans. Formed during Staphylococcal multiplication in foods. Causes nausea, projectile vomiting, explosive diarrhea. |
| Staph. hyicus | bacteria that causes "Greasy pig disease." It affects weaned pigs to 3 months. Contains oozing epidermatitis and is highly contagious. Causes anorexia, depression, fever. Enter w/ bite wounds. |
| Staph. aureus: Botryomycosis | an unusual host response to common bacteria, can involve Staphylococcus or others. Occurs in horses. |
| Staphylococcus pseudintermedius | bacteria that affects dogs, is similar to scalded skin syndrome i humans. In cats it causes pyogenic conditions. |
| Streptococcus | a gram + purple/blue cocci, 1 micron in diameter, chains of different lengths. |
| Streptococcus Ecology | -commensals on mucous membranes -pyogenic infections -facultative anaerobes -susceptible to desiccation (drying out) |
| Streptococcus Lab Dx | -is fastidious, requires blood or serum in media -small, hemolytic translucent colonies on blood agar, catalase negative, lancefield grouping, biochemical testing - latex agglutination. |
| Strep Pathogenicity | -related to the production of enzymes/toxins, beta-hemolytic are more pathogenic, abscess formation septicemias, spread by air, direct contact. |
| Streptococcus equi subspecies equi /Lancefield group C | this bacteria causes Strangles, a highly contagious respiratory dx with fever, abcession of regional lymph nodes in horses. |
| Guttural Pouch | contains/has contact with the following: stylohyoid bone, internal and external carotid artery, maxillary vessels, cranial nerves VII, IX, SI, XII the retropharyngeal lymph nodes. |
| Strept. equi subsp. zooepidemicus | bacteria in the mucosal commensal in horses, opportunistic respiratory, wound, and genital infections in many species Causes mastitis in goats. Humans can contract through contaminated dairy products. |
| Streptococcus suis | bacteria that contributes to large losses in pig industry. Resides in nasal cavity and tonsils, invades the submandibular LN's. Associated w/ meningitis, arthritis, septicemia, endocarditis, bronchopneumonia, neonatal death, abortion. |
| Clinical Mastitis Pathogens | -Strep. agalactiae -Strep dysgalactiae -Strep. uberis |
| Strep. agalactiae | invades/multiplies the lactiferous ducts after entering the mammary gland > influx of neutrophils and inflammatory response > blocks teats > atrophy of secretory tissue. |
| Strep. dysgalactiae | bacterial found in the buccal cavity, genitalia, and skin of mammary gland and causes acute mastitis. Low amount of bacteria needed to create infection. |
| Strep. uberis | environmental inhabitant, major predisposing factor, contamination of teat ends, 20% of USA mastitis. |
| Differentiating Strept sp. | -S. agalactiae: beta hemolysis and pos. CAMP test -S. dysgalactiae & uberis: alpha meolysis |
| Strep. in humans | causes scarlet fever, septic sore throat, rheumatic fever, impetigo, acute galmerulonphritis. Located in upper resp. tract. Associate w/ flesh-eating bacterial infections. Humans major reservoir host. |
| Streptococcus canis | large colony, beta hemolytic organisms. General infections in dogs: genital/skin/wound. Dogs and cats: oral and genital carriers. |
| Enterococcus sp. | a gram positive cocci, colonies ae gray, smooth, and round. Alpha-gamma hemolysis, aerobic, seen in UTI the most but also enteritis, septicemia, mastitis, and resp. dz's. #1 nosocomial etiology in human hospitals. Abx resistance in humans. |
| Corynebacterium | small, pleomorphic, gram +, coccoid, club and rod forms that occur in palisades (Chinese letters) and angular clusters. Ecology: commensals on MM, facultative anaerobes, opportunistic pathogens that cause pyogenic infections. |
| Corybacterium (Lab Dx and pathogenicity) | Lab Dx: enriched media (fastidious), colonies vary with species, catalase + and oxidase -. Needs a 72 hr incubation. Pathogenicity: host specific and identifiable CS's, caseous lymphadentitis, cystitis, pyelonephritis. |
| Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis | corynebacterium species that causes abscesses i wounds, incubation is 3 months, caused by contaminated shearing wounds, arthropod bites, or contaminated dips. Effects 30-50% of the herd. Causes caseous lymphadenitis. |
| Caseous Lymphadenitis (Dx, Tx, etc) | Dx: condition, presentation, hx, smears of discharge. Tx: ineffective due to chronic lesions and ability of organism to hide intracellularly. Is stable in the environment for several months. |
| Corynebacterium renale | Corynebacterium species that causes cystitis and pyelonephritis in cattle. Occurs in MM of vagina, vulva, & prepuce of healthy animals. Stress makes the disease break out. |
| C. ulcerans | Corynebacterium species that causes pharyngitis in humans. Seen in many cases of bovine mastitis and can shed it for months-years. |
| C. bovis | Corynebacterium species that is commensal of the bovine udder. Growth is enhanced during lactation. |
| Rhodococcus equi | formerly called Corynebacterium equi, is a gram + cocci and rods. Is mucoid, salmon-colored colonies on macro, catalase +. Ecology: soil saprophyte, aerobic, opportunistic pathogen. |
| Rhodococcus equi in foals | this bacteria in foals causes acute disease at one month, fever, anorexia, and bronchopneumonia. Present in high numbers in foal feces. More insidious in older foals and well advanced. Dx: hx, age, CS's culture of tracheal aspirates or lesion discharge |
| Actinomycetes | diverse group of gram + w/ branching filaments and pleomorphic structures. Ecology: facultative anaerobes, aerobes, or capnophiles, colonizes on MM of mammals, some on skin, Nocardia sp. soil saprophyte. |
| Pleomorphic | the ability of some microorganisms to alter their morphology, biological functions, or reproductive modes in response to environmental conditions. |
| Capnophiles | microorganisms that thrive in the presence of high concentrations of carbon dioxide. |
| Trueperella pyogenes | common cause of pyogenic lesions in species worldwide, associated w. other bacteria, is aerobic. Causes pyometra/acute mastitis in dairy cows w poor px. Tx: sx on small lesions, ineffective when large. |
| Actinomyces bovis | bacteria that causes Lumpy Jaw in cattle. Invades oral tissue following trauma from rough feet/tooth eruption. Minimal spread to contagious soft tissue, regional lymph nodes not invvoled. Tx w/ penicillin and iodine flushes. |
| Nocardia Species | branching filaments, rods and cocci. Ecology: aerobes and saprophytes in soil/decaying plants. Opportunistic w/ immunosuppressed or after a heavy challenge. Infected by inhalation or wounds/teat canal. |
| Saprohyte | a plant, fungus, or microorganism that lives on dead or decaying organic matter. |
| Nocardia in Medium | this bacteria grows slowly on blood agar, will produce white powdery colonies after 5 days. On Saborgus dextrose agar (DTM) forms orange wrinkled colonies. Is partially acid-fast. |
| Nocardia asteroides | Nocardia species that has thoracic (fever, anorexia, respiratory distress), cutaneous (ulcers, swelling), and disseminated forms in K9's. Can also cause mastitis/abscesses/abortion in dairy cows and abortion in pigs and horses. |
| Dermatophilus congolensis | part of the Actinomycetes group. Gram + filamentous branching. Produces skin lesions in subtopics/tropics. Can persist in foci on skin, aerobic, hemolytic, zoospore. |
| Dermatophilus Pathogenicity | this can cause skin lesions on horses, sheep, and cattle. Causes "rainrot" in horses and "strawberry footrot" in sheep. |
Created by:
Riley.Scherf
Popular Biology sets