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IB Bio HL 1.1-1.2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Components of cell theory | 1. living organisms are composed of cells 2. cells are the smallest unit of life 3. cells come from pre-existing cells |
| Atypical cells | 1. skeletal muscle 2. fungal hyphae 3. giant algae |
| Skeletal muscle cells | have multiple nuclei |
| Fungal hyphae | have multiple cells that share cytoplasm |
| Functions of life | 1. metabolism 2. growth 3. response to environment 4. homeostasis 5. reproduction 6. nutrition 7. excretion |
| Paramecium functions of life (4) | 1. asexual and sexual 2. increase to max size 3. contractile pump 4. vacuoles to break down food |
| Chlorella functions of life (4) | 1. asexual 2. increase to max size 3. contractile pump 4. photosynthesis |
| Size comparison order (small to big) | molecule, membrane thickness, virus, bacteria, organelles, eukaryotes |
| Surface area to volume | cells need to be able to take in and excrete materials which means they need to have a small surface area to volume ratio |
| Emergent properties | characteristics and functions that appear as cells begin to work together |
| Emergent properties example | cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism |
| Define differentiation | cells become more specialized and distinct from one another as they mature |
| Stem cell characteristics | 1. self-renewal 2. potency |
| Stem cell sources | embryos, placenta, umbilical cord, adult tissue |
| Name three uses of stem cells | 1. replace dead retinal cells 2. repair damage in victims of paralysis 3. bone marrow transplants |
| Name the structures of a prokaryote | 1. cytoplasm 2. nucleiod 3. pili 4. flagella 5. cell wall 6. plasma membrane 7. 70s ribosome |
| Steps of binary fission | 1. DNA copied 2. DNA attaches to plasma membrane 3. 2 identical cells formed by cytokinesis |
| Cytoplasm | suspends structures |
| Plasma mebrane | controls what enters and exits |
| Ribosome | makes proteins |
| Bound ribosomes | attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum or nucleus |
| Free ribosomes | float freely in cytoplasm |
| Prokaryotic ribosome | 70s |
| Eukaryotic ribosome | 80s |
| Prokaryotic DNA characteristics | 1. naked 2. circular 3. single chromosome 4. nucleiod 5. binary fission |
| Eukaryotic DNA characteristics | 1. wrapped around histone proteins 2. linear 3. multiple chromosomes 4. nucleus 5. mitosis or meiosis |
| Formula for magnification | magnification equals image divided by specimen |
| How many mm in a meter | 1000 |
| How many um in a millimeter | 1000 |
Created by:
luciepike
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