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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Neoplasms can be formed due to A. proliferation f*ck ups (ei. check point mistakes) B. Apoptosis f*ck ups C. Both D. None | Both |
| What is a tumor | solid neoplasm |
| Tumor that remains localized | benign |
| Tumors that spread to distant sites | Malignant |
| T or F: Cancer is the cause of one error in the cellular replication process | False! loads of errors |
| What is a karkinos | Termed coined by hippocrates meaning carsinoma |
| The worlds oldest documented of cancer | Egypt, 1500 BC, breast cancer |
| How where tumors treated back then? | cauterization from a fire drill! |
| The incidence of neoplastic disease ____ with age | increases |
| Why was cancer not a major cause of death back in the day? | Humans did not live long enough to develop cancer |
| Are we living in an "epidemic" of cancer? | Nope! cigarettes and such don't cause cancer, silly |
| Are neoplasms reversible? What type of growth? | 1. No 2. Autonomus |
| Name 2 cells that do not give rise to tumors | Myocytes and mature neurons |
| Tumors express varying degrees of ____ | Differentiation |
| T or F: The stimulus responsible for uncontrolled proliferation may not be identifiable and it is not known for most neoplams | true |
| T or F: The terms benign and malignant refer to the morphological characteristics of a tumor | False! it refers to the overall biological behavior |
| ____ tumors kill while ___ usually spare the host | 1. Malignant 2. Benign |
| When can a benign tumor be deadly? | When it is in a location that can interfere with vital function (brain, wrapped around aorta, etc) |
| So malignant tumor means death, right? | No, some are so indolent that they can be surgically removed (breast cancer at CT cancer) |
| A benign tumor will be ____ while a malignant tumor can be either ____ or ____ | 1. Highly differentiated 2. Highly differentiated or highly undifferentiated (aka anaplastic) |
| T or F: benign tumors show a high level of variability in cell differentiation | false, malignant tumors do |
| Example of a tumor that is histologically malignant but usually doesn't metastasize | Basal cell carsinoma |
| Neoplasia | New growth |
| Oncology | Study on tumors |
| Benign tumor | Localized, non invasive |
| Malignant tumor | Cancer: affect distant site aand are invasive |
| Example of tumor that is caused by default in apoptosis | Non-Hodgkins lymphoma |
| The more the tumor cell looks like the cell of origin, the ___ agressive it will be | less |
| Benign tumors grow where? | ON tissue, not in it |
| 2 characteristics of malignant tumors | 1. In the tissue or cell 2. Metastatic |
| Malignant tumors have a ___ center and lots of ___ therefor it can ____ | 1. necrotic 2. blood vessels 3. hemorrhage |
| Leiomyoma | Benign smooth muscle tumor |
| Leiomyosarcoma | Malignant smooth muscle tumor |
| ____ leads to ____ leads to ____ leads to ____. Which step is the only one that is not reversible | Chronic stress leads to hyperplasia leads to dysplasia (metaplasia) leads to neoplasia (only one that is not reversible) |
| What must the tumor do in order to merit the title of neoplasia? | Penetrate the basement membrane |
| Hairy cell leukemia: Benign or malignant? | Malignant |
| Rhabdomysarcoma | Malignant skeletal muscle tumor |
| Rhabdomyoma | Benign skeletal muscle tumor |
| What causes brain tumors? | Glial cells |
| 3 glial cells that can cause tumors. Which one cannot? | 1. Astrocyte, oligodendrocyte, ependymal cells 2. Microglia |
| #1 cause of brain tumors | Astrocytes |
| Most aggressive and most common astrocytic malignancy | Glioblastoma multiform |
| A glioblastoma multiform is what type of malignancy? | Astrocytic |
| Bengin tumor suffix | -oma |
| Example of a bengin tumor that does not end in -oma | polyp |
| Malignant tummor that is derived from MESENCHYM | sarcoma |
| Malignant tummor that is derived from EPITHELIAL CELLS | Carcinomas |
| Carcinomas that resemble stratified squamous epithelium | Squamous cell carcinoma |
| Carcinoma that resembles glandular tissue | Adenocarcinoma |
| What tumor is Bengin: A. Melanoma B. Lymphoma C. Both D. None | None! somme crap-tacular exceptions |
| 2 things to remember about anaplastic cells (anaplasia) | 1. Very pleomorphic 2. Lose polarity |
| What is dysplasia | Loss of uniformity and polarity of cells that is non-neoplastic |
| Carcinoma in situ is a form of what? | Dysplasia |
| What is a carcinoma in situ? | Full thickness epithelial dysplasia |
| These are concidered pre-cancerous lesions | Carcinoma in situ |
| The rate of growth of a tumor is INVERSELY dependant on what? | The degree of differentiation |
| What type of tumor tends to be more differentiated/ What can be said about its growth? | 1. Bengin 2. Grows slower |
| Main or primary diffrence between malignant and bengin tumors | Bengin tumors do not invade surrounding tissue while malignant ones do |
| In fact, bengin tumors are seperated from local tissue by what? | Fibrous capsul |
| What is metastasis? | Discontinuous secondary implants from primary malignancy |
Created by:
LrB
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