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Evolution and Darwin

Chapter 15 Vocabulary

QuestionAnswer
Breeding organisms with specific traits in order to produce offspring with identical traits artificial selection
Mechanism for change in populations, which occurs when organisms wiwth favorable variations survive, reproduce, and pass thier variation to the next generation natural selection
A structural adaption that enables one species to resemble another species. mimicry
Adaption that enables species to blend with their surroundings. camouflage
body parts of organisms that do not have a common evolutionary origin, but are similar in function analogous structures
Structural features with common evolutionary origin homologous structures
A body structure in a present-day organism that no longer serves its original purpose, but was probably usefull to an ancestor vestigal structures
The earlist stage of growth and development of both plants and animals. embryo
All of the alleles of the population genes. gene pool
The percentage of any specific allele in the gene pool. allelic frequency
When the frequency of alleles remains the same over generations genetic equilibrium
The alteration of allelic frequencies by chance events genetic drift
Natural selection that favors average individuals in a population. stabilizing selection
Occurs when natural selection favors one of the extreme variations of a trait. directional selection
When individuals with either extreme of a traits variation are selected. disruptive selection
The evolution of new species. Speciation
Occurs when a physical barrier divides a population. geographic isolation.
Occurs when formerly interbreeding organisms can no longer mate and produce fertile organisms. reproductive isolation
Any individual or species with a multiple of the normal set of chromosomes. polyploid
The idea that species originate through a gradual change of adaptions. Gradualism
Speciation occurs relatively quickly, in rapid burst, with long periods of genetic equilibrium in between. punctuated equilibrium
When an ancestoral species evolves into an array of species to fit a number of diverse habitats. adaptive radiation
The pattern of evolution in which species that once were similar to an ancestral species diverge or become increasingly distinct. divergent evolution
A pattern of evolution in which distantly related organisms evolve similar traits. convergent evolution
Created by: brownbiology
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