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Derm flashcards all
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| atrophy | localized thinning of the skin, which may cause a depression |
| papule | solid, elevated lesion with no visible fluid. the elevation may be accounted for by metabolic deposits, infiltrates, or hyperplasia of cellular elements, etc. |
| scar | a dense collection of collagen fibers which form after an injury to the skin from surgery |
| annular | ring shaped lesion with an active border and central clearing |
| circinate | circular lesion |
| crust | circumscribed collection of inflammatory cells and dried serum on skin surface |
| central punctum | a central comedones opening (punctum) |
| ecchymosis | bruise; large, visible collection of blood on the skin |
| erythematous | red color |
| erosion | a circumscribed, usually depressed, moist lesion results from loss of overlying epidermis |
| excoriation | an erosion or ulcer caused by scratching |
| fissure | a thin, linear crack in the skin that is deeper than it is wide |
| iris/target lesion | 2-3 concentric circles of differing hue |
| lichenification | thickening of skin with accentuation of normal skin surface markings most commonly due to chronic rubbing |
| macules | flat, circumscribed lesion of a different color than skin |
| necrosis | death of tissues which may be seen in areas of inflammation as well as neoplasm |
| nodule | raised, solid lesion |
| primary lesion | cutaneous changes caused directly by disease process |
| patch | macule greater than 2 cm in diameter |
| plaque | elevated, flat-topped lesion usually greater than 1 cm |
| polyp | structure consisting of a rounded head attached to a surface by a stalk, typically benign skin tags |
| purpura | bleeding into the skin causing small red areas (petechiae) or large red areas (ecchymosis) |
| pustule | a circumscribed elevation of the skin that contains a purulent exudate that may be white, yellow, or greenish-yellow in color |
| pedunculated | on a stalk |
| secondary lesion | changes in area of primary pathology often due to secondary events (scratching, infection, bleeding) |
| scale | a flaky accumulation of excess that is particularly adherent to skin |
| telangiectasia | prominent, dilated superficial blood cells |
| umbilicated | containing a central depression |
| vesicle | a small blister which contains clear fluid |
| violaceous | violet color |
| verrucous | wart-like |
| Abscess | Localized collection of pus |
| Acne Vulgaris | Formation of comedones, papules, pustules, nodules, and/or cysts as a result of obstruction and inflammation of pilosebaceous units (hair follicles and their accompanying sebaceous gland). |
| Acrochordons | Skin tags; small, soft, common, benign, usually pedunculated neoplasm that is found particularly in persons who are obese |
| Actinic Keratosis (AK) | A rough, scaly patch on the skin that develops from years of exposure to the sun. It is the most common pre cancer that forms on skin damaged by chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun and/or indoor tanning. |
| Alopecia Areata | Sudden hair loss that starts with one or more circular bald patches that may overlap. Alopecia areata occurs when the immune system attacks hair follicles, and may be brought on by severe stress. |
| Atopic dermatitis | a condition that that causes the skin to become red and itchy. It is common in children but can occur at any age. Long lasting (chronic) and tends to flare periodically |
| BCC | The most common form of skin cancer and the most frequently occurring form of all cancers. This cancer typically appears as a white waxy lump or a brown scaly patch on sun-exposed areas, such as the face and neck. |
| Bullous Pemphigoid | A rare skin condition that causes large, fluid-filled blisters. They develop on areas of skin that often flex — such as the lower abdomen, upper thighs or armpits. |
| Candidiasis | Fungal infection typically on the skin or mucous membranes caused by candida |
| Cherry angioma | Common, benign skin growths that can develop on most areas of the body. The collection of small blood vessels inside a cherry angioma cause them to have a reddish appearance. |
| Chronic Urticaria | An allergic condition of the skin, hives. Symptoms include itchy, raised, red, or skin-colored welts on the skin's surface |
| Condyloma Acuminata | Genital warts, refers to anogenital warts caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) |
| Cyst | A closed sac that contains liquid or semisolid material |
| Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) | Rare, potentially life-threatening, drug-induced hypersensitivity reaction that includes skin eruption, hematologic abnormalities (eosinophilia, atypical lymphocytosis), lymphadenopathy, and internal organ involvement (liver, kidney, lung) |
| Dyplastic Nevus (DN) | Larger and irregular in shape when compared to normal moles; they tend to have uneven color with dark brown centers and lighter uneven edges. Often biopsied or removed due to precancerous nature |
| Epithelial | A specialized type of tissue that lines surfaces and cavities of the body |
| Erythema Multiforme | Characterized by bulls-eye-shaped lesions often triggered by infection or some medications |
| Excoriation | Result of picking/itching on skin causing lesions |
| Fibrosing Alopecia | A form of lichen planopilaris that is characterized primarily by slowly progressive hair loss (alopecia) and scarring ont he scalp near the forehead |
| Folliculitis | Infection of one or more of the pockets from which hair grows (follicles) |
| Granuloma | inflammation characterized by accumulations of macrophages, some of which coalesce into giant cells. associated with tuberculosis, some deep fungal infections, sarcoidosis, reaction to foreign bodies and several skin diseases of unknown cause |
| Hidradenitis suppurativa | chronic lumps in places such as the armpits or groin. Skin lesions develop as a result of inflammation and infection of sweat glands. pea to marble-sized lumps under the skin that can be painful and tend to enlarge and drain pus. |
| Inflammatory seborrheic keratosis (SK) | Simply a benign skin growth that has become irritated over time. These rough, hard, crusty lesions often itch, bleed, or rub on clothing. These warrant treatment because they are symptomatic |
| Keloid | A raised scar after an injury has healed, caused by an excess protein (collagen) in the skin during healing and appears lumpy or ridged. |
| Keratoacanthoma (KA) | A low-grade, or slow-growing, skin cancer tumor that looks like a tiny dome or crater. Benign despite its similarities to squamous cell carcinoma SCC. originates in the skin's hair follicles and rarely spreads to other cells |
| Lentigines | Benign lesions that occur on the sun-exposed areas of the body. increase in number with age, making them common among the middle age and older population |
| Lesion | A vague term meaning "thing that is wrong with the patient". Can be anything from a tumor to an area of inflammation |
| Lichenformation | Area of thickening of the skin caused by chronic scratching |
| Lichenoid keratotis/lichen planus | An inflammatory condition that occurs when the immune system attacks cells of the skin, appearing as purplish, itchy, flat-topped bumps. in the mouth, it forms lacy white patches, sometimes with painful sores. |
| Melanocytic Nevus | Benign neoplasm composed of melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells that constitutively colonize the epidermis |
| Melanoma | Cancers which develop in melanocytes, the pigment-making cells found in the epidermis. Less common than BCC, but they are more likely to grow and spread if left untreated. Most still make melanin, so tumors are usually brown or black. |
| Neoplasm | New growth of the body's own cells, no longer under normal physiologic control; can be benign or malignant |
| Nevus (mole) | A pigmented skin lesion, usually developing during adulthood. Rarely, they turn into melanoma or other skin cancers. if it changes shape, grows bigger, or darkens should be evaluated for removal |
| Onychomycosis | Nail fungus causing thickened, brittle, crumbly, or ragged nails |
| Paronychia | An infection of the tissue adjacent to a nail, most often a fingernail. It's caused by injury or irritation, such as a hangnail, cuticle damage, or continually wet hands. Adjacent tissue is painful, red, and swollen. There may be pus. |
| Petechia | Tiny round brown-purple spots due to bleeding under the skin, may be in a small area due to minor trauma or widespread due to blood-clotting disorder |
| Pityriasis rosea | A rash that usually begins as a large circular or oval spot on the chest, abdomen or back, followed by smaller spots that spread out from the middle of the area in a shape that resembles drooping pine-tree branches |
| Plaque psoriasis | The most common form of psoriasis, causes dry, raised, red skin patches covered with silvery scales. The plaques might be itchy or tender, usually appear on elbows, knees, lower back and scalp. |
| Poikiloderma | A condition that causes the skin to become discolored and break down |
| Psoriasis | A skin disease that causes red, itchy, scaly patches, most commonly on the knees, elbows, trunk, and scalp |
| Psoriatic arthritis | Psoriatic arthritis causes swollen, painful joints that are typical of arthritis. Sometimes the joint symptoms are the first or only symptom or sign of psoriasis |
| Rhinophyma | affects the nose, skin is thickened and the sebaceous glands are enlarged. The skin appears red and often has prominent blood vessels, which may be thin and red (telangiectasia) or larger and purplish in hue (venulectasia). |
| Scabies | A contagious, intensely itchy skin condition caused by a tiny, burrowing mite. |
| Sebaceous hyperplasia | Enlarged sebaceous glands seen on the forehead or cheeks of the middle-aged and older people. form of benign hair follicle tumour. Often more prevalent in patients who are immunosuppressed. |
| Seborrheic dermatitis | A skin condition that causes scaly patches and red skin, mainly on the scalp, often causing dandruff. |
| Seborrheic keratosis (SK) | A noncancerous skin condition that appears as a waxy brown, black, or tan growth. No treatment is necessary. If the seborrheic keratosis causes irritation, it can be removed by a doctor. |
| SCC | The second most common form of skin cancer, characterized by abnormal, accelerated growth of squamous cells. sometimes come from AKs. more likely than BCC to grow into deeper layers of skin and spread to other parts of the body. |
| Suppuration | A type of acute inflammation characterized by infiltration of neutrophils at the microscopic level and formation of pus at the gross level |
| Telogen effluvium | A reversible condition in which hair falls out after a stressful experience. The stress pushes large numbers of hair follicles into a resting phase. Within a few months, those hairs can fall out. |
| Tumor | Mass or lump that can be seen or felt with the naked eye |
| Urticaria | A skin rash triggered by a reaction to food, medicine, or other irritants. Also known as hives. Symptoms include itchy, raised, red, or skin-colored welts on the surface of the skin. |
| Vasculitis | Inflammation of the blood vessels. It causes changes in the blood vessel walls, including thickening, weakening, narrowing or scarring. These changes can restrict blood flow, resulting in organ and tissue damage. |
| Verruca Vulgaris (warts) | Small, non cancerous growths which appear when the skin is infected with one of the many viruses of the human papillomavirus (HPV) family. The virus triggers extra cell growth, which makes the oute rlayer of skin thick and hard in that spot. |
| Vitiligo | A disease that causes the loss of skin color in blotches. Vitiligo occurs when pigment producing cells die or stop functioning. |
| Xerosis | Dry skin |
| Adenopathy | Enlargement of lymph nodes |
| Afebrile | Without fever |
| Ambulatory | Able to move about; not confined to a bed |
| Anemia | Condition marked by a deficiency of red blood cells or of hemoglobin in the blood, resulting in pallor or weariness |
| Aneurysm | A widening of a blood vessel due to pressure on weakened tissues causing formation of an area of blood that may become clotted |
| Angina | Chest pain as a result of decreased blood flow to the cardiac muscles |
| Arrhythmia | Disturbance of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart |
| Artery | Blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart (a for away) |
| Aspiration | Using a needle to remove fluid or cells from an area of body |
| Atelectasis | Partial or total collapse of lung tissue |
| Avulsion | A forcible pulling away of a part or structure; usually refers to skin injury |
| Axilla | Armpit |
| Cardiomegaly | Enlargement of the heart |
| Cervical | Pertaining to the neck (c-spine) or to the cervix of the uterus |
| Debridement | Removal of foreign matter or dead tissue from a wound |
| Decubitus | A pressure sore in the skin |
| Dentition | The condition of the teeth in the mouth |
| Dermis | True skin, beneath the epidermis |
| Differential Diagnosis (Ddx) | A diagnosis of symptoms of two or more diseases by comparison |
| Dyspnea | Difficult and labored breathing, shortness of breath |
| Dysuria | Painful urination |
| Edema | Swelling of body tissues due to an excessive accumulation of fluid in connective tissue or a serous cavity |
| Fascia | Fibrous membrane of connective tissue supporting, and separating muscles and body organs |
| Granulation Tissue | New vascular tissue in granular form on an ulcer of the healing surface of a wound |
| Hemangioma | Tumor consisting of blood vessels |
| Hematemesis | Vomiting of blood |
| Hematochezia | Blood in the stool |
| Hematoma | Swelling of blood which occurs in an organ or tissue resulting in ruptured blood vessels |
| Hematuria | Blood in the urine |
| Hemoptysis | Spitting of blood; blood-stained sputum |
| Hemorrhage | Excessive or profuse bleeding |
| Hemothorax | Blood fluid present in the pleural cavitiy |
| Hyperlipidemia | Elevation of cholesterol or triglycerides in the blood |
| Hyperplasia | An excessive growth of normal cells of an organ |
| Hypertension | Persistently high arterial blood pressure |
| Hypotension | Persistently low arterial blood pressure |
| Induration | Hardening; a specific area of hardened tissue often a sign of infection |
| Infarct | Necrotic area of tissue following cessation of the blood supply |
| Inguinal | Pertaining to the groin region |
| Ischemia | Temporary and localized anemia due to restricting circulation to a part of a structure |
| Kalemia | Characterization of the amount of potassium in the blood (hypokalemia or hyperkalemia) |
| Keloid | Scar formation consisting of dense tissue |
| Ligament | Fibrous tissue, binding bones together |
| Lingual | Belonging to the tongue |
| Malaise | Generalized discomfort or weakness |
| Mandible | The "jaw bone" to which the lower teeth are attached |
| Maxilla | The bone to which the upper teeth are attached |
| Mastoid | The bone behind the ear |
| Metastasis | Malignant growths that came from a cancer elsewhere in the body |
| Myalgia | Muscular pain |
| Myocardial Infarction | Heart attack |
| Natremia | Characterization of the amount of sodium in the blood (hyponatremia or hypernatremia) |
| Occiput | Back part of the skull |
| Palpable | Able to be touched or easily perceived |
| Primary Tumor | The part of the body organ where cancer first started to grow |
| Pruritic | itchy |
| Sepsis | The presence of pathological microorganisms or their toxins in the blood |
| Vein | Vessel carrying deoxygenated blood to the heart, excluding pulmonary veins |
| TCS | Topical corticosteroids |
| KA | Keratoacanthoma |
| FFA | Frontal fibrosing alopecia |
| 2/2 | Secondary to |
| LLE | left lower extremity |
| RLE | right lower extremity |
| RUE | right upper extremity |
| LUE | left upper extremity |
| Acrochordon | Soft fleshy skin colored to tan pedunculated papules |
| Actinic Elastosis | Chronic sun damage: dyspigmentation, telangiectasia, and wrinkling |
| Actinic Purpura | Diffuse atrophy with scattered purpuric patches 1-3 cm in size o. There is evidence of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation with an orange-brown color change |
| Actinic Keratosis | Scaly erythematous macule |
| Actinic Keratoses | Scaly erythematous macules on the sun exposed areas |
| Angiomas | Scattered red vascular papules on the trunk > rest |
| Dermatofibroma | Dermal nodule (s), firm and slightly movable with a hyperpigmented halo and a positive dimple sign |
| Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis | Confetti-like macules of hypopigmentation scattered over the sun-exposed areas of the forearms, anterior legs and shoulders |
| Lentigines | Scattered pigmented macules that are tan to brown in color and are somewhat non-uniform in shape and concentrated in the sun-exposed areas |
| Lipoma | A well defined somewhat compressible subcutaneous nodule |
| Milium/Milia | 1-2 mm white - yellow papule |
| Neurofibroma | Somewhat compressible well-defined subcutaneous round to oval mass some of which demonstrate button-holing |
| Sebaceous hyperplasia | Yellowish-pink delled papules |
| Seborrheic Keratosis | A stuck-on appearing keratotic papule with/without irritation redness, crusting, edema, and/or partial avulsion |
| Seborrheic Keratoses | Multiple stuck-on appearing keratotic papules on the trunk and extremities irritated w redness, crusting, edema, and/or partial avulsion |
| Surgical Site | Well healed scar without nodularity, re-pigmentation, scaling, erythema, or regrowth |
| Mohs Surgery | Surgical procedure for BCC and SCC, done in stages: After removing a layer of tissue, it is examined under a microscope. If any cancer cells remain, remove another layer of tissue , while preserving healthy tissue. |
| Punch Biopsy | Uses a circular tool to remove a small section of the skin including the top layers of skin (epidermis, dermis, and superficial fat); typically performed for rashes |
| Shave Biopsy | Uses a tool similar to a razor to remove a small section of the top layers of skin (epidermis and a portion of the dermis); typically performed for moles, AKs, and/or other concerning lesions |
| Excisional Biopsy | Uses a small knife (scalpel) to remove an entire lump or an area of abnormal skin, including a portion of normal skin down to or through the fatty layer of skin. |
| Electrodesiccation and Curettage (ED&C) | Removing warts, angiomas, AK, BCC and SCC. First, a curette removes the abnormal cells. Desiccation is performed with a metal instrument used to widen the margin and cauterize the wound to minimize bleeding |
| Wood's light examination | A procedure that uses transillumination (light) to detect bacterial or fungal skin infections. It also can detect skin pigment disorders such as vitiligo and other skin irregularities |
| Patch Test | A diagnostic method used to determine which specific substances cause allergic inflammation of a patient's skin |
| Intralesional kenalog injection (ILK) | Reduces and suppresses inflammation by injecting a steroid; very common procedure: reduces inflammation in cystic acne, flattens scar tissue in keloids or hypertrophic scarring, as well as increases hair growth in alopecia areata. |
| Candida AG | An injection procedure for warts after failing other destructive treatment options |
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