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Cell divison

QuestionAnswer
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the blueprint for building an organism
DNA exists in the form of long, linear strands called chromosomes
Each chromosome contains several thousand different genes True/False True
You began life as a single cell, called a zygote
Mitosis cell division that results in two daughter cells that are identical to the original cell
Meiosis cell division that produces daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the original cell
Meiosis produces egg and sperm cells, known as the gametes
When a cell is not dividing, it is in interphase
chromatin loose collection of DNA and histone proteins
Two identical sister chromatids. homologous pair of chromosomes
homologous pair of chromosomes do not associate with each other at all True/False True
four stages of mitosis are: • Prophase • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase
the division of the cytoplasm and it overlaps with telophase Cytokinesis
In animals, cytokinesis involves the formation of a cleavage furrow
where the sister chromatids are joined centromere
diploid it had two copies of each chromosome.
Mitosis is carried out by ,_______ ________ which are all cells other than the gametes somatic cells
mitosis can be used to repair tissue and as a method of asexual reproduction True/False True
A haploid cell has ____ copy of each chromosome. one
• In plants, cytokinesis involves the creation of a new cell wall
In humans, the only haploid cells are the gametes
Meiosis is a two-step process Explain • Meiosis I cuts the chromosome number in half. • Meiosis II is functionally identical to mitosis, but begins with a haploid cell instead of a diploid cell
Meiosis I has four stages. • Prophase I • Metaphase I • Anaphase I • Telophase I
During prophase I, homologous chromosomes closely disassociate with each other. True/False False, associate
Each sister chromatid is going to become an egg or sperm cell
Crossing over is... Occurs during .... Results in ____ • Crossing over is when homologous chromosomes exchange segments of DNA • prophase I • This results in recombinant chromatids.
During metaphase I, heterologous pairs align at the equator of the cell, with one below and one above the equator. True/False False, homologous
Law of Independent Assortment. Random chance determines which member of the pair is above or below
Nondisjunction occurs when chromosomes fail to separate during anaphase
• Nondisjunction can cause: • Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) • Turner Syndrome • Klinefelter Syndrome • Poly-X Syndrome • Polyploidy
Meiosis II follows the exact same mechanism as mitosis except With meiosis II, we begin the process with two haploid cells instead of a diploid cell.
• After meiosis II, we have ________haploid daughter cells. four
All of your genes are found in ___ pairs of chromosomes. 23
A pair of chromosomes have the same genes in the same location True/False True
When an egg and sperm cell fuse, the resulting zygote will get 23 chromosomes from each, giving it 46 total True/False True
three stages of interphase G1 – growth S – synthesis (replication of DNA) G2 – growth
Each gamete has 23 total chromosomes True/False True
Created by: mosciencehelp
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