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EXAM 4 - MED SURG

Alzheimer's & Parkinson's

QuestionAnswer
Delirium Disturbance of consciousness and change in cognition and confusion. Can range from stupor to excessive activity. Thoughts are disorganized, short attention span. Possible hallucinations, delusions, fear, anxiety, and paranoia
Which Neurological Disorders are Chronic? Alzheimer's and Dementia
Which Neurological Disorders are Acute? Delirium & Confusion
Dementia Progressive chronic disease, in which cortical function is decreased, impairing cognitive skills such as language, logical thinking and judgment, ability to learn new information, and motor coordination
Confusion Assessment Method in Delirium Assess inattention, disorganized thinking, altered LOC, disorientation, memory impairment, perceptual disturbances, psychomotor agitation, psychomotor retardation, and altered sleep-wake cycle.
Alzheimer's Disease Most common form of dementia. SPECIFIC NEUROPATHOLOGIC AND BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES THAT INTERFERE WITH NEUROTRANSMISSION. GENETIC DIFFERENCES ONLY SEEN ON AUTOPSY
Early Stages of Alzheimer's Disease (symptoms) Forgetful, may retell the same stories
Middle Stages of Alzheimer's Disease (symptoms) Speaking problems, behavioral changes. May get lost in familiar places. Difficulty with handling money
Late Stages of Alzheimer's Disease (symptoms) Personality changes. May be depressed, suspicious, hostile. Assistance is needed will all ADLs. May not even remember their own family members.
Nursing Interventions in Patients with Alzheimer's Keep environment the same (don’t move things around, or change caregivers often). Promote physical safety, reduce anxiety and agitation. Improve communication, provide socialization, adequate nutrition, balanced activity and rest. Support and educate family members and caregivers while providing a calm, and predictable environment.
Goal of Alzheimer's Treatment Promoting patient function and independence as long as possible. Slow the loss of memory and cognition.
Parkinson's Disease Slowly progressive neurologic condition characterized by tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability. Results from the loss of neurons of the basal ganglia.
Nursing Interventions in Parkinson's Disease Patient is at risk of falls. Initiate fall precautions
Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease Combine medications Levodopa-Carbidopa (Sinemet) and if the symptoms improved then it is confirmed
Early Stages of Parkinson's Disease (symptoms) Typically effects one side, and symptoms begin gradually with trembling of hands, arms, legs, jaw, face. Stiffness of the arms, legs, and trunk. Slowness of movement, poor balance and coordination
Middle Stages of Parkinson's Disease (symptoms) Motor symptoms are inconvenient but the activities of daily living are not affected. Symptoms are unilateral and medications are effective in controlling motor symptoms
Moderate Stages of Parkinson's Disease (symptoms) Symptoms are bilateral. Movement is slow, "freezing" can occur. Balance and coordination are impaired. Medications to control motor symptoms may wear off. Medications may cause side effects such as dyskinesia
Advanced Stages of Parkinson's Disease (symptoms) Patients may be in a wheelchair or be in bed most of the day because of difficulties walking. They need help with ADLs and are unable to live alone. They may have significant cognitive problems. Medication benefits and side effects may be difficult to balance.
Elder Abuse Any type of abuse must be reported to adult protective services agency must be notified. It is the nurses responsibility to report suspected abuse, not to prove it
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