Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
EBP/Research
Total course content
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ANOVA | A statistical test for comparing differences in the means (average scores) of 3 or more groups |
| Attrition bias | Loss of subjects from a study that creates biased sample |
| audit trail | Used in qualitative research. A process of recording decisions and actions taken. |
| Bracketing | Phenomenologic researchers use this to identify and suspend their own biases and preconceived ideas |
| Case-control study | A research design that follows and compares a group of subjects who has received a treatment or not; or who has a disease and not |
| chi-square test (x2) | When groups are in nominal data categories (like country of origin or gender). Used to assess differences between the groups on some characteristic or outcome |
| Cochrane Collaboration | An international organization that develops systematic reviews and meta-analyses |
| Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines | Recommendations for practice based on the best available evidence. The reader should check to make sure they are current. |
| Concurrent embedded strategy | A mixed method design in which quantitative & qualitative data are collected at the same time, but one is given more weight. |
| Concurrent triangulation strategy | A mixed method design that collects and analyzes quantitative & qualitative data at the same time so that analysis is integrated. Data types receive equal weight |
| Confidence interval (CI) | A range of data values (like 68, 95, or 99) within which the true value is expected to be found. |
| Constant comparison | A grounded theory analysis technique in which the first interview is analyzed, then every following interview is analyzed with previous interviews. When data saturation occurs, sample size is complete. |
| Constructivism or Interpretist paradigm | A worldview in which truth & reality are subjective. Each person's experience is as true as another's |
| Advocacy paradigm | A worldview behind some research that focuses on the idea that some groups are oppressed and should be empowered through research. Less focused on building generalizable knowledge |
| Data saturation | The point in qualitative studies when new ideas and categories cease to emerge. Sampling stops when data saturation is reached. |
| Correlation design | Research design that requires at least 2 variables that are tested for association with each other. Correlation coefficients or regression analyses are the statistics used to determine association |
| Descriptive study design | Focuses on measure 1 variable at a time. Requires a minimum of 1 variable. May used quantitative or qualitative data measures |
| Probability sampling | A strategy in which every member of the population has the same chance of being selected. This allows researchers to assume that the groups are equivalent. |
| Non-probability sampling | A strategy in which every member of the population does NOT have the same chance of being selected. We cannot assume that subjects represent a larger population or that groups are equivalent. |
| Grey literature | Unpublished research and other documents like government reports or conference proceedings. |
| Grounded theory | A qualitative research strategy that identifies a basic social problem and the basic social process used to deal with it. Arose from sociology. Titles often reflect the process with "-ing" words like hoping, fearing, resting, and so on |
| Historical research | Research from disciplines of history and archeology that seeks patterns and trends among events. Data are primary and secondary sources. |
| External validity of a research study | The level of confidence we have that study results can be generalized to a larger group |
| Internal validity of a research study | The level of confidence we have that the independent variable caused the observed changes in the dependent/outcome/effect variable |
| Attribute variable | Characteristic of the subjects (e.g., hair color, personalilty, ethnicity and so on) |
| Extraneous variable | A variable in which the research is NOT interested and that may interfere with internal or external study validity |
| Transferability | The confidence we have that the results of a qualitative study may apply to a larger group. Similar to a quantitative study's external validity (generalizability). |
| Thick description | A highly detailed description of study informants in a qualitative study so that we can judge its transferability. |
| Content validity of a measurement instrument | The confidence we have that a data collection tool accurately measures the content being studied. Usually established by a thorough literature review of all aspects of the content and then review of that information by a panel of experts. |
| Ethnographic research. | Qualitative design arising from the discipline of anthropology. Researchers use it to examine the values, communications, and worldviews within a particular culture. |
| Emic perspective | The ethnographic researcher who becomes a participant observer as part of the culture |
| Etic perspective | The ethnographic researcher who examines a culture as an outsider. |
| Qualitative research | Researchers collect & analyze word data usually through interviews in order to find out the meaning of some phenomenon to informants. |
| Quantitative research | Researchers collect & analyze numbers data and then use descriptive or inferential statistics to analyze results. |
| Descriptive statistics | Statistical tests that describe something (e.g., demographics) |
| Inferential statistics | Statistical tests that allow the researcher to draw inferences from observations. Used to determine whether something occurred by chance versus whether manipulation of the independent variable cause the change. |
| Retrospective | A study that looks at past events. |
| Prospective | A study that looks forward in time. |
| Predatory journals | Open-access journals on the internet that are considered fake journals administered by people interest in publishing for profit without peer-review for quality. Pay-to-publish. |
| DOAJ | Directory of Open Access Journals - an organization that monitors the quality of open access journals. |
| Phenomenology research | Research design rooted in philosophy and psychology that describes or interprets the lived experience of informants |
| Mixed methods research | Research design that integrates qualitative and quantitative methods to answer the research question |
| Hypothesis | A proposition that states the predicted relationship between variables. It includes IV, DV, and population. |
| Meta-analysis | A a statistical technique for combining quantitative studies as a single study. One of the strongest levels of evidence. Secondary, filtered evidence. |
| Meta-synthesis | A technique for combining qualitative studies into one single study. Secondary, filtered evidence. On the EBP pyramid it is at the level of qualitative studies. |
| Inductive analysis | Reasoning from specific observations to general conclusions. The logic used in qualitative designs |
| Deductive analysis | Reasoning from general theories or principles and testing whether they apply to specific examples. Used in quantitative designs |
| Community based participatory action research | Advocacy paradigm research that involves the community in every stage of the research project. Designed to empower the community and create change. |
| Reliability | How consistent a measurement tool is in measuring what it is supposed to measure |
| Validity | How accurately a measurement tool measures what it is supposed to measure. |
| Reporting bias | Journals are more likely to publish positive findings that studies when the hypothesis is rejected. |
| Pretest/Post-test design | When a measurement of the variable is taken before and after the intervention within the same group. The pretest/baseline measure serves as the control group. Called a "within group" comparison. |
| t-test | A statistic that compares the mean/averages scores of 2 or more groups. Groups may be pre/post paired groups. Groups may also be different people and unequal in size. |
| Between group comparison | When the experimental and control groups are different people. |
| Triangulation | Using multiple researchers, data sources, or methods to promote valid (accurate) results. |
| Integrative review | A review of the literature that is based on author preferences of what to review. |
| Systematic review | A review of the research/literature that uses a systematic, transparent process. Highest level of research on the pyramid. |
| Variable | A characteristic of object or person that varies. The concrete form of an abstract concept or construct. |
| Proposition | A statement about the relationship between concepts or constructs |
| Construct | An invented concept |
| Quality improvement process | Plan-Do-Study-Act. A way of maintaining best practices |
| Evidence-based practice | Best evidence + Patient & family values/preferences + Clinical judgment |
| Face validity of a measurement instrument | When a researcher simply looks at a questionnaire or data collection tool and decides that it looks valid. |
| Sequential exploratory strategy | Mixed methods design in which the researcher first collects qualitative data and afterwards collects quantitative data to build on understanding |
| Sequential explanatory strategy | Mixed methods design in which the researcher first collects quantitative (numbers) data and then afterwards collects qualitative (word) data to explain the numbers. |
| type 1 statistical validity error | When a true null/statistical hypothesis is rejected. In other words when the researcher thinks the independent variable influenced the dependent one significantly, but no such influence occured. |
| type 2 statistical validity error | When a false null/statistical hypothesis is accepted. In other words the researcher thinks the independent variable had no significant influence on the dependent one, but the researcher is wrong. |
| Selection bias | The way that subjects were selected introduces bias into the study. This creates a rival hypothesis. |
| Performance bias | Contamination-e.g., control group begins using IV on their own. Those caring for control & intervention group change their behavior by giving care not intended |
| What type of sampling is this? Authors obtained a list of all 500 nurses working in the COVID-19 wards of the three hospitals. The first author coded all eligible nurses from 1 to 500 and used computer-generated numbers to identify 250 participants | Simple random |
| Reporting bias | The tendency of journals to avoid publishing negative findings. Publishing only those studies that support their hypotheses. |
| Power | a statistical method to determine the right sample size for showing whether or not the hypothesis is true. |
| Criterion validity of a measurement instrument | May be predictive or concurrent. In other words the data collection tool provides data that accurately predicts an outcome or correlates with a simultaneous criteria |
| Statistical measures of central tendency of data | mean, median, mode |
| Median | The middle score when scores are placed in order high to low or low to high. 50% of scores are above & 50% below the median |
| Chi-square | When the IV is nominal (categorical) and the dependent is interval ratio |
| Interval data | equal intervals between data points, but no true zero (e.g., centigrade or fahrenheit scale) |
| ratio data | equal intervals between data points and a true zero (e.g., how many hours of study; annual income; days worked) |
| Construct validity of a measurement instrument | Instrument validity determined by the degree to which an instrument can demonstrate different scores for groups know to vary on the variables being measured. |
| Statistical measures of distribution of data | standard deviation, range |
| Pearson's r or Spearman's rho statistics | Statistic that measures the association or correlation (not cause and effect) between two or more variables. |
| What are some places to find EBP practice guidelines | CINAHL, Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), professional organizations |
| What are some weaknesses of EBP guidelines | Author conflict of interest, Sometimes poorliy developed, Review panel may share same biases,Too many guidelines focusing on too many issues; Too directive (one size fits all); Single disease focused; Opinion usually stems from lack of evidence. |
| Cronbach's alpha | Internal reliability of a research instrument in which every item is correlated to every other item. Reported as a single number as in alpha = .87 |
| Experiment | Characterized by manipulation of an IV, randomization to groups, & a control group |
| Quasi-experiment | Like an experiment, but missing either randomization and/or control group. |
Created by:
martyhrn
Popular Nursing sets