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Antiseizure Chart

Antiseizure Chart and Phenytoin

TermDefinition
Barbiturates- Drugs Phenobarbital Primidone
Barbiturates- Action Intensify effect of GABA, depress firing of CNS neurons
Barbiturates- Side Effects Profound CNS depression- somnolence
Barbiturates- Nursing Interventions Low margin of safety, addicting
Benzodiazepines- Drugs Clonazepam, Diazepam, Lorazepam
Benzodiazepines- Action Intensify effect of GABA, suppress abnormal neuronal foci
Benzodiazepines- Side Effects Drowsiness, sedation, ataxia
Benzodiazepines- Nursing Interventions Tolerance after a few months of therapy Adjuncts to other seizure drugs
Hydantoins- Drugs Phenytoin
Hydantoins- Action Delay influx of sodium ions across neuronal membranes
Hydantoins- Side Effects Somnolence, drowsiness, dizziness, nystagmus, gingival hyperplasia
Hydantoins- Nursing Interventions Narrow therapeutic range Monitor serum levels First-line drugs
Phenytoin related- Drugs Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine, Valproic acid
Phenytoin related- Action Similar to hydantoins
Phenytoin related- Side Effects Similar to hydantoins
Phenytoin related- Nursing Interventions Monotherapy or w/other anti-seizure drugs Also used for bipolar disorder, panic disorder, migraine headaches
Succinimides- Drugs Ethosuximide, Methsuximide
Succinimides- Action Delay calcium influx into neurons
Succinimides- Side Effects Drowsiness, dizziness, ataxia, epigastric distress, weight loss, anorexia, N&V
Succinimides- Nursing Interventions Usually used in combination w/other anti-seizure drugs
Phenytoin-Uses/Action Control seizures, trigeminal neuralgia Lowers seizure threshold, limits spread of seizure discharge
Phenytoin- Contraindications Rash, seizures due to hypoglycemia, sinus bradycardia, heart block, pregnancy
Phenytoin- Interactions Alcohol, other anticonvulsants, oral anticoagulants, corticosteroids, oral contraceptives, TB drugs, antiretrovirals, folic acid, calcium Vit D, ginkgo, enteral nutrition, influenza vaccine (seizures)
Phenytoin- Side Effects Drowsiness, gingival hyperplasia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, hyperglycemia
Phenytoin- Nursing Interventions Monitor serum levels. Therapeutic levels not stable for 7-10 days. Diabetics- loss of glucose control Need Vit D & exposure to sunlight Monitor for hypocalcemia, folic acid deficiency (neuropathy, mental function) hypomagnesemia Urine- pink or red
Created by: Justinkge
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