Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
BIOL2421 Test 1
Microbiology Test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sterilization | kills everything INCLUDING ENDOSPORES |
| Why we study microbes *written question | study of disease, food production (fermenting), formulation of chemicals (such as acetone) |
| Robert Hooke | introdcuced term "cell" |
| Anton Van Leeuwenhoek | first microscope; animalcules |
| Biogenesis | belief that life comes from life |
| Abiogenesis | Belief that life is created spontaneously from non-living objects |
| Louis Pasteur | disproved spontaneous generation (abiogenesis theory) using swan-neck flask; wine industry- pasteurization |
| Joseph Lister | introduced septic technique (antiseptic) using carbolic acid (a phenol) |
| Semmelweiss | promoted hand washing |
| Robert Koch | Koch's Postulates; discovered Anthrax |
| Koch's Postulates | 1) every disease caused by specific organism2) when isolated in pure culture, only one organism grows3) when introduced to healthy animal, disease is reproduced4) blood is tested to look for orginal microbe |
| Edward Jenner | small pox; first vaccines (using cow) |
| Attenuated vaccination | Pasteur; pure culture aged, weakens organism; causes immunity without infecting |
| Dimitri Iwanoski | tobacco mosaic disease; discovered filterable agents (aka viruses); father of virology |
| Paul Ehrlich | first artificial drug--salvarsan, used to treat syphillis |
| Alexander Fleming | first antibiotic--penicillin (from fungi) |
| Carolus Linnaeus | standardized system of naming--Binomial system of Nomenclature |
| Plant & Animal-- Kingdoms.... (what comes next?) | Kingdoms, Phylum, Class, Order, family, genus, species (KINGS PLAY CHESS ON FIELDS OF GREEN SAND) |
| Domains | broader than kingdom; Eukarya- animals, plants, fungi, bacteriaProkarya- eubacteriaArchaea- archaebacteria |
| Difference between eukaryocyte and prokaryocyte? | Eukaryocyte has nucleas, prokaryocyte doesn't (nucleoid) |
| Eubacteria | single celled prokaryotes; peptidoglycan in cell wall |
| Archea | singe celled prokaryocytes; lack peptidoglycan; extreme environments |
| Fungi | single and multi celled; decomposers; non photosynthetic; chitin in cell wall |
| Protozoans | animal like protease; many ways of locomotion |
| Algae | plant-like; single celled; photosynthetic; cellulose in cell wall |
| Viruses | no kingdom; non-living; infectious; inert if not within a cell |
| Cocci | Sphere |
| bacilli | rod |
| spirelli | spiral |
| Diplo- | cocci, bacilli; two connected together |
| staphylo- | cocci; clusters |
| strepto- | cocci; bacilli; chains |
| glycocalyx | includes capsule (evades WBC); slime coat (dog bowl; prevent being washed away) |
| flagella | on bacilli and spirella, not cocci; includes filament, hook, basal body |
| Monotrichous | one flagella |
| amphitrichous | flagella at each end |
| lophotrichous | tuft |
| peritrichous | flagella all over |
| periplasmic | embedded flagella |
| Flagella function | motility |
| Pili | allows for attachment; f-pilus transfers DNA |
| Composition of cell wall | Peptidoglycan--Nag, Nam, and polypeptides |
| Gram positive cells | thick peptidoglycan; techoic acid (movement of material) |
| Gram negative cells | thin layer peptidoglycan; lack techoic acid; contain lipoplysaccharide (mouse tails--stimulate antibody reaction) and lipid A (mouse butt--toxin causing disease symptoms) |
| Gram stain | most important stain; helps determine type of microbe; alcohol dissolves outer membrane of gram negative cells |
| Nuclear area of bacteria | NO NUCLEUS; single loop of DNA; no histones |
| Plasmid | separate complete set of DNA; antibiotic resistance and instructions; can transmit to other cells via pili |
| Inclusions | stockpile of nutrients made by organism |
| Endospore | resting cell; produced during hard times; most resistant; anthrax, botulism, tetanis |
| Bacterial growth curve | 1) lag phase- adjusting to environment; no growth2) log phase- rapid growth; best time to study3) Stationary phase- growth limited; wastes increase, reduction in resources; cells living=cells dying |
| decline phase | cell death > cell growth; endospores produced |
| mesophiles | in humans, mnostly pathogens; 10-50 C |
| psycrophiles | cold marine waters; 10-20 C |
| Psycrotolerant | fridge; 0-30 C |
| thermophiles | compost; 40-72 C |
| hyperthermophiles | geysers; 65-100 C |
| aerobic organisms | needs oxygen for growth (ie humans) |
| anaerobic organisms | no air; mud |
| facultative | can use oxygen or go without it |
| microaerophilic | small amount of oxygen |
| capnophiles | high carbon dioxide levels |
| halophile | likes salty environment |
| bisphenol | triclosan |
| phenolic | lysol |
| phenol | carbolic acid |
| Halogens | iodine, chlorine... |
| Quats compounds | mouthwash; strip mucous membrane |
| Aldehydes | used to preserve; Cidex--chemical sterilizer |
Created by:
awesomeandrea
Popular Biology sets