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mr. charles14
Genetics Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Gregor Mendel | was the father of modern day genetics. |
| Heredity | passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring. |
| Genectics | the science of heredity and of mechanisms by which traits are passed from parents to offspring. |
| P generation | parental generation,the first two individuals that mate in genetic cross. |
| F1 generation | first generation of offspring obtained from an experimental cross of two organisms. |
| F2 generation | the second generation of offspring,obtained from the experimental cross of two organisms;the offspring of the F1 generation. |
| Homozygous | describes an individual that has identical alleles for a trait on both homologous chromosomes. |
| Heterozygous | describes an individual that has two different alleles for a trait. |
| Genotype | the entire genetic makeup of an organism; also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits. |
| Phenotype | an organisms appearance or other detectable characteristics that result from the organism's genotype and the environment. |
| Law of independent assortment | the law that states that genes separate independently of one another during meiosis. |
| Law of segregation | Mendel's law that states that the pairs of homologous chromosomes separate in meosis so that only one chromosome from each is present in each gamete. |
| Punnett square | a chart that shows the possible combinations of alleles that result from a genetic cross. |
| Allele | alternate form of the same gene{example:"A"and"a" are two alleles(different forms of the same gene "A")}. |
| Carrier | an individual that carries one gene for a recessive trait(a carrier does not express that trait,but when mated with another can produce offspring that do). |
| Chromosome | a thread-like strand in the nucleus that controls the cell activity and carries the genetic material(genes)to pass traits to offspring. |
| Co-dominant | 2 alleles of a gene pair in a heterozygote that are both fully expressed. |
| Dominant Gene | strong form a a gene,which is expressed even if a recessive gene is present. |
| Gamete | sex cell(sperm cell and egg cell). |
| Gene | a unit of genetic material that determines a trait(located on chromosomes-specific areas on a chromosome). |
| Genetics | the scietific study of genes/inheritance. |
| Heredity | the pasing of physical characteristics from parent to child. |
| Heterozygous | having 2 different alleles for a trait.(also known as hybrid-Example:Aa). |
| Homozygous | having 2 of the same alleles(also known as pure bred). |
| Hybrid | having 2 different alleles for a trait(also know as heterozygous). |
| Incomplete Dominance | a condition tht results when genes produce a trait somewhere in between the traits of the parents. |
| Inherit | to acquire a triat from your parents. |
| Karyotype | a picture of a person's chromosomes. |
| Meiosis | cell division that happens in sex cells only. produces gametes have one set of unpaired chromosomes. |
| Gregor Mendel | Austrian monk who studies pea plants and figured out the rules of heredity(the"father"of genetics). |
| Mutation | a change in DNA or chromosomes. |
| Pedigree | a line of anchstors;visual representation. |
| Phenotype | the actual physical characteristics that an organism demonstrates. |
| Polygenic | a trait that requires more than one gene. |
| Probability | The percent chance of inheriting a trait. |
| Punnet Square | a visual diagram that demonstrates the possible genotypes person could inherit from the parents. |
| Pure bred | having 2 of the same alleles. (also known as homozygous). |
| Ratio | relation in degree or number between two different things. |
| Recessive Gene | the weak form of a gene, which is not expressed when the dominant form is also present. |
| Sex-linked trait | A recessive trait carried on the X chromosome. |
| Trait | genetically determined characteristic. |
| Genetics | study of heredity. |
| Heredity | passing of traits from parents to offspring. |
| Offspring | child,baby,new organism born from parent. |
| Gametes | sex cells like sperm and egg with half the number of chromosomes. |
| Zygote | sex cells that have been fertilized resulting in a cell with a full set of chromosomes(a diploid cellformed by union of sperm and egg). |
| Hybrid | Offspring developed from parents with different forms of a trait. |
| trait | Characteristic that is inherited. |
| gene | part of DNA that determines an organisms traits. |
| alleles | different forms of forms of a gene,each gene has two alleles. |
| Dominant | trait trait that is superior over recessive determining the physical appearance. |
| Recessive | trait Inferior trait that is covered up by the dominant trait. |
| Phenotype | the genetic make-up resulting in the physical appearance. |
| Genotype | the combination of genes. |
| Homozygous | having two identical alleles for a trait. |
| Heterozygous | having two different alleles for a trait. |
| Monohybrid Cross | comparing only one trait of an offspring from two parents. |
| Dihybrid Cross | comparing two traits of an offspring from two parents. |
| Meiosis | cell division that leads to the formation of haploid cells called gametes(sperm and egg). |
| Haploid | Cells that contain only one set of chromosomes{for example, the human number is 23(1N)}. |
| Diploid | Two complete sets of homologues carried mainly by eukaryotes. For example, every cell in your brain has 23 chromosomes from your mom and 23 from your dad( 2N). |
| Monohybrid | eg., Aa or Bb or Cc(one trait). |
| Dihybrid | eg., AaBb(two traits). |
| Homozygous recessive | eg., aa |
| Homozygous dominant | eg., AA |
| Heterozygous dominant | eg., Aa |
Created by:
eccharles77
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