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Final Review

QuestionAnswer
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE What “changes” in the experiment
DEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE – The “results” (what is measured) – Example: Jansen’s toothpaste: toothpaste is the INDEPENDENT VARIABLE & white teeth is the dependent variable
EXPERIMENTS should include: Several CONSTANT factors and 1 VARIABLE (what you are testing)
OBSERVATION Process of obtaining information by using the SENSES
CONTROL GROUP The group used as the “standard” for comparison
GRADUATED CYLINDER Used to measure the VOLUME of a liquid
ELEMENT a pure substance that CANNOT be broken down
GROUPS Are the VERTICAL COLUMNS in the periodic table
PERIODS Are the HORIZONTAL COLUMNS in the periodic table
MIXTURES contain 2 or more elements PHYSICALLY COMBINED (easily take apart)
COMPOUNDS contain 2 or more elements CHEMICALLY COMBINED (cannot take apart)
Physical States of Matter Solid, Liquid, Gas, Plasma
MATTER is anything that has MASS & takes up space and made of atoms
COLOR & SHAPE describe the appearance of MATTER
SOLID Has a DEFINITE SHAPE & DEFINITE VOLUME
GAS Molecules bounce off one another RAPIDLY & act freely
LIQUID Has a definite volume but NO definite shape
HEAT The movement of THERMAL ENERGY from a WARMER object to a COOLER object.
CONDUCTION Direct transfer of HEAT from one substance to another.
FOSSIL FUELS NON -RENEWABLE energy Ex: oil, gas
ASTRONOMY The study of EVERYTHING in the UNIVERSE
TROPOSPHERE The layer in the atmosphere where WEATHER occurs
Moon Phases ex: the phase of moon that follows the WANING Moon is called the NEW Moon.
METEOROLOGY Is the study of WEATHER, less predictable than CLIMATE
PRECIPITATION rain, sleet, snow…
FRONT boundary BETWEEN air masses
SEASONS happen because of Earth’s REVOLUTION & TILT
HOMEOSTASIS When living organisms maintain a STABLE Environment
REPRODUCTION Is NECESSARY because the survival of EVERY SPECIES depends on the ability to reproduce more of its kind.
AUTOTROPHS AUTOTROPHS
HETEROTROPHS organism that obtains energy from the food it consumes (ingests) Ex: Humans, animals, insects
PHOTOSYNTHESIS Process in which plants use energy from sunlight, carbon dioxide, & water to make sugar (glucose)
CHLOROPHYLL Green Pigment that captures the light energy of the sun & is used in Photosynthesis
CHLOROPLAST Site of Photosynthesis
CELL CELL – Basic unit of structure & function in ALL organisms
CYTOPLASM transparent (clear), jelly-like fluid where many chemical reactions take place.
NUCLEUS Where GENETIC INFORMATION is found in most organisms
MITOCHODRIA produces ATP (Energy)
RIBOSOMES assembles (makes) PROTEINS
AMINO ACIDS The building blocks of PROTEINS
DNA The genetic material of the cell
RESPIRATION CELLULAR RESPIRATION – Process of BREAKING DOWN FOOD to produce ATP (ENERGY)
PASSIVE TRANSPORT movement of molecules across a cell membrane WITHOUT the use of energy. (Diffusion)
OSMOSIS movement of WATER molecules across a cell membrane WITHOUT the use of energy.
ACTIVE TRANSPORT movement of molecules across a cell membrane WITH the use of energy.
LIPID a fat molecule
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION produces 2 genetically identical daughter cells
Parent Cell has 50 chromosomes then the 2 daughter cells will each have 50 chromosomes
METAPHASE CHROMOSOMES (DNA) line up in the MIDDLE of the cell
4 PHASES OF MITOSIS PMAT- Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
MEIOSIS produces HAPLOID
SEX CELLS (23 Chromosomes)
MITOSIS produces DIPLOID
BODY CELLS 46 Chromosomes
GREGOR MENDEL The Father of Genetics
GENETIC VARIATION Differences among organisms that help them survive better.
HEREDITY passing traits from Parents to Offspring
PHENOTYPE Physical characteristics that can be observed
Biotic Factors ALL Living organisms in an Ecosystem Ex: birds, trees, squirrels, rabbits, flowers, etc..
Abiotic Factors ALL Non-Living organisms in an Ecosystem Ex: rocks, ponds, sunlight, soil, etc…
COMPETITON happens when 2 organisms rely on the same food source.
EVOLUTION Species CHANGE over time.
Created by: Lasata
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