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Science 7 final
Study guide for 7th grade science final test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| People Hate Elephants On Couches | The acronym for the scientific method People- Problem (always in the form of a question) Hate- Hypothesis Elephants- Experiment On- Organize data Couches- Conclusion |
| The 1st step of the scientific method | Identify the problem |
| Independent variable | What “changes” in the experiment |
| Dependent variable | The “results” (what is measured) |
| Experiments should include: | Several constant factors and ONLY 1 independent variable |
| Observation | Process of obtaining information by using the senses |
| Control group | The group used as the “standard” for comparison |
| Graduated cylinder | Used to measure the volume of a liquid |
| When you do not understand something in the lab: | Ask the teacher |
| The periodic table lists: | Elements |
| Element | A pure substance that cannot be broken down |
| Groups | The vertical columns (up and down) in the periodic table |
| Periods | The horizontal columns (side to side) in the periodic table |
| Mixtures | Contain 2 or more elements physically combined (easily take apart) |
| Compounds | Contain 2 or more elements chemically combined (cannot take apart) |
| Physical states of matter | Solid, liquid, gas, plasma |
| Matter | Anything that that has mass and takes up space |
| Matter is made out of: | Atoms |
| Color and shape | Describe the appearance of matter |
| Solid | Has a definite shape and definite volume |
| Gas | Molecules bounce off one another rapidly and act freely |
| Liquid | Has a definite volume but no definite shape |
| Heat | The movement of thermal energy from a warmer object to a cooler object |
| Conduction | Direct transfer of heat from substance to another |
| Fossil fuels | Non-renewable energy ex. oil, gas |
| Astronomy | The study of everything in the universe |
| Troposphere | The layer in the atmosphere where weather occurs |
| What phase follows the waning moon? | New moon |
| Meteorology | The study of weather |
| Weather is: | Less predictable than climate |
| Precipitation | Rain, snow, hail, sleet |
| Front | The boundary between air masses |
| Seasons happen because of: | Earth’s Revolution and tilt |
| Homeostasis | When living organisms maintain a stable environment |
| Reproduction | Is necessary because of the survival of every species depends on the ability to reproduce more of its kind |
| Autotrophs | Make their own food by using the sun ex. Plants |
| Heterotrophs | An organism that obtains energy from the food it consumes (ingests) ex. Humans, animals, insects |
| Photosynthesis | The process in which plants use energy from sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make sugar (glucose) |
| Chlorophyll | Green pigment that captures the light energy of the sun and is used in photosynthesis |
| Chloroplast | The site of photosynthesis |
| Cell | Basic unit of structure and function in all organisms |
| Cytoplasm | Transparent (clear), jelly-like fluid where many chemical reaction take place |
| Nucleus | Where genetic information is found in most organisms |
| Mitochondria | Produces ATP (energy) |
| Ribosomes | Makes proteins |
| Amino acids | The building blocks of proteins |
| DNA | The genetic material of the cell |
| Cellular respiration | The process of breaking down food to produce ATP (energy) |
| Passive Transport | Movement of molecules across a cell membrane without the use of energy (diffusion) |
| Osmosis | Movement of water molecules across a cell membrane without the use of energy |
| Active Transport | Movement of molecules across a cell membrane with the use of energy |
| Lipid | Fat molecule |
| Asexual reproduction | Produce 2 genetically identical daughter cells |
| Metaphase | Chromosomes (DNA) line up in the middle of the cell |
| 4 stages of mitosis- | PMAT- prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
| Meiosis | Produces haploid sex cells (23 chromosomes) |
| Mitosis | Produces diploid body cells (46 chromosomes) |
| Gregor Mendel | The Father of Genetics |
| Genetic variation | Differences among organisms that help them survive better |
| Heredity | Passing traits from parents to offspring |
| Phenotype | Physical characteristics that can be observed |
| Biotic factors | All living organisms in an ecosystem ex. Birds, trees ect. |
| Abiotic factors | All non-living organisms in an ecosystem ex. Rocks, water, sunlight |
| Competition | Happens when 2 organisms rely on the same foos source |
| Evolution | Species change over time |
Created by:
EllaT
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