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0G History of Life

0G History of Life on Earth

TermDefinition
structure any body part (exterior or interior)
homologous structures body structures that evolved from the same ancestor
analogous structures body structures that have the same function, but evolved differently from different ancestors
vestigial structures various cells, tissues, and organs in a body which no longer function in the same way the ancestral form of the trait functioned
adaptation any advantage that aids in the survival and reproduction of a species
structural adaptation things that grow on or in an organism that aid in the survival or reproduction of the species
physiological adaptation substances that the organism creates or natural processes of the organism’s body that aid in the survival of the species
behavioral adaptation actions or choices an organism naturally makes that aids in the survival of the species
instinct a behavior an animal is born with and does not have to learn
natural selection the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring
artificial selection humans develop particular traits in animals or plants by choosing which ones will reproduce and have offspring
mutation is a change in a DNA sequence, usually caused by mistakes during copying
habitat the specific place where an animal lives
environment everything that surrounds and affects a living thing, including non-living things, such as water and air, as well as other living things
predator an animal that hunts and eats other animals for food.
prey an animal that is taken and eaten by another animal for food
cladogram a diagram that represents evolutionary relationships among organisms
phylogenetic tree a diagram that represents evolutionary relationships among organisms - the length of the lines represent amounts of time
ancestor an early type of animal or plant from which others have evolved.
evolutionary history A sequence of inheritable changes that occurred among a species
domesticated cultivated for food; naturalized, tamed and kept as a pet
embryo an unborn or unhatched offspring in the process of development
evolve to change the genetic code of an organism over time
diversity having several different forms of the same species
extinct organisms that lived in the past but no longer are found on Earth
comparative anatomy the study of the similarities and difference of body structures in different species
comparative embryology the comparison of embryo development across species to show the path of common ancestry
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