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Science Final Exam
Use to study for final exam for science on 06/08/22
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| People Hate Elephants On Couches | Acronym for the Scientific Method: Problem, Hypothesis, Experiment, Observe, Conclusion |
| Independent variable | What you’re changing/testing |
| Dependent Variable | Your results |
| What should experiments include? | Several constants and only 1 independent variable |
| Observation | Process of obtaining information by using the senses |
| Control group | The group used as the “standard” for comparison |
| Graduated Cylinder | Used to measure the volume of a liquid |
| What do you do if you don’t understand something in a lab? | Ask a teacher or instructor |
| What does the Periodic Table list? | It lists elements. |
| Element | A pure substance that cannot be broken down |
| Groups | The vertical columns in the periodic table |
| Periods | The horizontal columns in the periodic table |
| Mixtures | contain 2 or more elements physically combined and can be taken apart easily |
| Compounds | contain 2 or more elements chemically combined and cannot be taken apart |
| Physical States of matter | Solids, liquids, gases, plasma |
| Matter | Anything with mass and takes up space; made of atoms |
| Color & shape | Used to describe the appearance of matter |
| Solids | Have a definite shape and a definite volume |
| Gas | Molecules bounce off one another rapidly and act freely |
| Liquid | Has a definite volume but no definite shape |
| Heat | The movement of thermal energy from a warmer object to a cooler object |
| Conduction | Direct transfer of heat from one substance to another |
| Fossil fuels | Non-renewable energy |
| Astronomy | The study of everything in the universe |
| Troposphere | The layer of the atmosphere where weather occurs |
| Moon phases | New Moon, Waxing Crescent, First quarter, Waxing Gibbous, Full moon, waning gibbous, third quarter, waning crescent |
| Meteorology | The study of weather |
| Precipitation | rain, sleet, snow, etc |
| Front | The boundaries between air masses |
| seasons | happen because of Earth’s revolution and tilt |
| Homeostasis | When living organisms maintain a stable internal environment |
| Reproduction | Necessary because the survival of all species depends on the ability to make more of its own kind |
| Autotrophs | Make their own food by using the sun |
| Heterotrophs | Organism that obtains energy from the food it consumes or ingests |
| Photosynthesis | The process plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make glucose |
| Chlorophyll | Green pigment that captures the light energy of the sun & is used in photosynthesis |
| Chloroplast | Site of photosynthesis |
| Asexual reproduction | Produces 2 identical daughter cells with 50 chromosomes |
| Metaphase | Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell |
| 4 phases of mitosis | Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
| Meiosis | Produces haploid sex cells with 23 chromosomes |
| Mitosis | Produces diploid body cells with 46 chromosomes |
| Gregor Mendel | The father of genetics |
| Genetic variation | Differences among organisms that help them survive better |
| Heredity | Passing traits from parents to offspring |
| Phenotype | Physical character that can be observed |
| Biotic factors | All living organisms in an ecosystem (ex: animals, plants, bacteria, fungi) |
| Abiotic factors | All non-living organisms in an ecosystem (ex: rocks, water, dirt) |
| Competition | Happens when 2 organisms rely on the same food source |
| Evolution | Species change over time |
| Cell | Basic unit of structure & function in all organisms |
| Cytoplasm | Transparent and jelly-like fluid that holds all the organelles; where many chemical reactions take place |
| Nucleus | Where genetic information is found in most organisms |
| Mitochondria | Produces ATP using cellular respiration |
| Ribosomes | Synthesizes proteins |
| Amino acids | The building blocks of proteins |
| DNA | the genetic material of the cell |
| Cellular Respiration | Process of breaking down food to produce ATP |
| Passive Transport (diffusion) | Movement of molecules across a cell membrane without the use of energy |
| Osmosis | passive transport of water |
| Active transport | Movement of molecules across a cell membrane with the use of energy |
| Lipid | Fat molecules |
Created by:
JoeyVan4
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