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Sociology Chapter 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Culture | Refers to the learned and shared behaviors, beliefs, attitudes, values, and material objects that characterize a particular group or society. |
| Society | A group of people who share a culture and a defined territory. |
| Characteristics of Culture | -Learned -Transmitted from one generation to the next -Shared -Adaptive and always changing |
| Material Culture | Consists of the physical objects that people make, use, and share |
| Nonmaterial Culture | The ideas that people create to interpret and understand the world |
| Symbol | Anything that stands for something else and has a particular meaning for people who share a culture |
| Language | A system of shared symbols that enables people to communicate with one another |
| Why Language is important? | Makes us human: its coveys our ideas, transmits information, and influences people's attitudes and behavior o Directs our thinking, control our actions, and shapes our expression of emotions |
| Values | the standards by which people define what is good or bad, moral or immoral, proper or improper, desirable or undesirable, beautiful or ugly |
| Major U.S Values | -Achievement and success -Humanitarianism -Efficiency and practicality -Progress - Material possessions -Freedom and equality -Conformity -Democracy -Individualism |
| Norms | Specific rules of right and wrong behavior |
| Folkways | Norms that involve everyday customs, practices, and interaction |
| Mores | Norms that people consider very important because they maintain moral and ethical behavior |
| Laws | Formally defined norms about what is legal or illegal |
| Sanctions | Rewards for good or appropriate behavior and/or penalties for bad or inappropriate behavior |
| Rituals | Formal and repeated behavior that unite people |
| Cultural Universals | Customs and practices that are common to all societies |
| Ideal Culture | The beliefs, values, and norms that people say they hold or follow |
| Real Culture | People's actual everyday behavior |
| Ethnocentrism | The belief that one's own culture, society, or group is inherently superior that others |
| Cultural Relativism | The belief that no culture is better than another and should be judged by its own standards |
| Subculture | A group within society that has distinctive norms, values, beliefs, lifestyles, or language |
| Counterculture | A group within society that openly opposes and rejects some of the dominant culture's norms, values, or laws |
| Multiculturalism | The coexistence of several cultures in same geographic area, without one culture dominant another |
| Culture Shock | Confusion, disorientation, or anxiety that accompanies exposure to unfamiliar way of life |
| High Culture | The cultural expression of society's highest social classes |
| Popular Culture | The beliefs, practices, activities, and products that are widespread among a population |
| Cultural Capital | Resources and assets that give a group advantages. |
| Mass Media | Forms of communication designed to reach large numbers of people |
| Cultural Imperialism | The cultural values and products of society influence or dominate those of another |
| Cultural Integration | The consistency of various aspects of society that promotes order and stability |
| Cultural Lag | The gap that occurs when material culture changes faster than nonmaterial culture |
Created by:
Yerlin99
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