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Final Exam Review
Official Review made by Mrs Jansen
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Acronym for Scientific Method | People Hate Elephants On Couches Problem Hypothesis Experiment Observations Conclusion |
| First step of scientific method | Identify the problem |
| Independent variable | Is what changes the experiment Ex: Jansen’s toothpaste |
| Dependent variable | The results (what is measured) Ex: Whiteness of Teeth |
| Experiments should include… | Several Constant factors and 1 variable (what you are testing) |
| Observation | Process of obtaining information by using senses |
| Control Group | The group used as the “standard” for comparison |
| Graduated Cylinder | Used to measure volume of a liquid |
| What should you do if you don’t understand something in a Lab? | Ask the teacher |
| What does the periodic table do? | Lists Elements |
| What is an element? | A pure substance that cannot be broken down |
| Groups | Vertical columns in the periodic table |
| Periods | Horizontal columns in the periodic table |
| Mixtures | Contain 2 or more elements physically combined (easily separated) |
| Compounds | Contain 2 or more elements chemically combined (cannot be separated) |
| What are the physical states of matter? | Solid, Liquid, Gas, and Plasma |
| What does Color/Shape describe? | Describes the appearance of matter |
| Solid | Has definite shape & volume |
| Gas | Molecules bounce off one another rapidly & act freely |
| Liquid | Has a definite volume but no definite shape |
| What is heat? | The movement of thermal energy from a warmer object to a cooler object |
| What is conduction? | Direct transfer of heat from one substance to another. |
| Fossil Fuels | Non-renewable energy Ex: oil, gas |
| Astronomy | The study of everything in the universe |
| Troposphere | The layer in the atmosphere where weather occurs |
| Moon phases | An example of this is that the phase of moon that follows the Waning Moon is called a New Moon |
| Meteorology | The study of weather |
| Which is less predictable, weather or climate? | Weather |
| What is precipitation | Rain, sleet, snow etc. |
| What is a front? | It is a boundary between air masses |
| How do seasons happen? | It happens because of Earth’s Revolution and Tilt |
| What is homeostasis? | It is when a living organism maintains a stable environment |
| Reproduction | Necessary because the survival of every species depends on the ability to reproduce more of its kind |
| Autotrophs | Make their own food by using the sun |
| Heterotrophs | Organism that obtains energy from the food it consumes (ingests) Ex: Humans, animals, insects |
| What is the process of photosynthesis? | It is the process in which plants use energy from sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make sugar (glucose) |
| What is the difference between chlorophyll and chloroplast? | Chlorophyll is a green pigment that captures the light energy of the sun and is used in photosynthesis and the chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis |
| What is a cell? | Basic unit of structure and function in all organisms |
| Cytoplasm | Transparent, jelly-like fluid where many chemical reactions take place |
| Nucleus | Where genetic information is found in most organisms |
| Mitochondria | Produces ATP (Energy) |
| Ribosomes | Assembles (makes) PROTEINS |
| Amino Acids | Building blocks of PROTEINS |
| DNA | The genetic material of the cell |
| Cellular Respiration | The process of breaking down food to produce ATP (Energy) |
| What is Passive Transport? | movement of molecules across a cell membrane WITHOUT the use of energy. |
| What is Active Transport? | movement of molecules across a cell membrane WITH the use of energy. |
| Lipid | A fat molecule |
| What is asexual reproduction? | produces 2 genetically identical daughter cells (Parent Cell has 50 chromosomes then the 2 daughter cells will each have 50 chromosomes) Also known as mitosis |
| Metaphase | CHROMOSOMES (DNA) line up in the MIDDLE of the cell |
| What are the 4 phases of mitosis | PMAT- Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase |
| Meiosis | produces HAPLOID SEX CELLS (23 Chromosomes) |
| Mitosis | produces DIPLOID BODY CELLS (46 Chromosomes) |
| Who is Gregor Mendel? | The father of genetics |
| What is Genetic Variation? | Differences among organisms that help them survive better. Ex: Heredity and PHENOTYPE |
| Heredity | passing traits from Parents to Offspring |
| Phenotype | Physical characteristics that can be observ |
| Biotic Factors | ALL Living organisms in an Ecosystem Ex: birds, trees, squirrels, rabbits, flowers, etc.. |
| Abiotic Factors | ALL Non-Living organisms in an Ecosystem Ex: rocks, ponds, sunlight, soil, etc... |
| Competition | happens when 2 organisms rely on the same food source. |
| What is evolution? | Evolution is when species change over time |
| What is Osmosis? | movement of WATER molecules across a cell membrane WITHOUT the use of energy. |
| What is matter? | anything that has MASS & takes up space. MATTER is made up of ATOMS |
| Genotype | Genetic instruction of an organism |
Created by:
Nibin
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