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Tortora Table 1.2

The eleven systems of the human body

QuestionAnswer
Integumentary system - What are its components? Skin and structures associated with it, such as hair, nails, sweat glands, and oil glands.
Integumentary system - What are its functions? Protects the body; helps regulate body temperature; eliminates some wastes; helps make vitamin D; and detects sensations such as touch, pain, warmth, and cold.
Skeletal system - What are its components? Bones and joints of the body and their associated cartilages.
Skeletal system - What are its functions? Supports and protects the body; provides a surface area for muscle attachments; aids body movements; houses cells that produce blood cells; stores minerals and lipids (fats).
Muscular system - What are its components? Muscles composed of skeletal muscle tissue, so-named because it is usually attached to bones.
Muscular system - What are its functions? Produces body movements, such as walking; stabilises body position (posture); generates heat.
Nervous system - What are its components? Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and special sense organs, such as the eyes and ears.
Nervous system - What are its functions? Generates action potentials (nerve impulses) to regulate body activities; detects changes in the body's internal and external environments, interprets the changes, and responds by causing muscular contractions or glandular secretions.
Endocrine system - What are its components? Hormone-producing glands (pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thymus, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, and testes) and hormone-producing cells in several other organs.
Endocring system - What are its functions? Regulates body activities by releasing hormones, which are chemical messengers transported in blood from an endocrine gland or tissue to a target organ.
Cardiovascular system - What are its components? Blood, heart, and blood vessels.
Cardiovascular system - What are its functions? Heart pumps blood through blood vessels; blood carries oxygen and nutrients to cells and carbon dioxide and wastes away from cells and helps regulate acid-base balance, temperature, and water content of body fluids; blood components defend against disease
Lymphatic system and immunity - What are its components? Lymphatic fluid (lymph) and vessels; also includes spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and tonsils.
Lymphatic system and immunity - What are its functions? Returns proteins and fluid to blood; carries lipids from gastrointestinal tract to blood; includes structures where lymphocytes that protect against disease causing microbes mature and proliferate.
Respiratory system - What are its components? Lungs and air passageways such as the pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), and bronchial tubes leading into and out of the lungs.
Respiratory system - What are its functions? Transfers oxygen from inhaled air to blood and carbon dioxide from blood to exhaled air; helps regulate acid-base balance of body fluids; air flowing out of lungs through vocal cords produces sounds.
Digestive system - What are its components? Organs of gastrointestinal tract, a long tube that includes the mouth, pharynx (throat), esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and anus; also includes accessory organs that assist in digestive processes, such as the salivary glands, liver etc.
Digestive system - What are its functions? Achieves physical and chemical breakdown of food; absorbs nutrients; eliminates solid wastes.
Urinary system - What are its components? Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
Urinary system - What are it functions? Produces, stores, and eliminates urine; elimates wastes and regulates volume and chemcial composition of blood; helps maintain the acid-base balance of body fluids; maintains body's mineral balance; helps regulate production of red blood cells.
Reproductive system - What are its components? Gonads (testes in males and ovaries in females) and associated organs (uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina in females and epididymis, ductus deferens, and penis in males).
Reproductive system - What are its functions? Gonads produce gametes (sperm or oocytes) that unite to form a new organism; gonads also release hormones that regulate reproduction and other body processes; associated organs transport and store gametes.
Created by: melijono2
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