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8th EOY Biomolecules
8th grade EOY Biomolecule review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| A carbon-containing molecule is called? | Organic |
| What is a chain of carbons attached to hydrogens? | hydrocarbon |
| This describes a molecule that repels water (hint: “fear of water”). Example: Fat molecule | Hydrophobic |
| This describes a molecule that is attracted to water (hint: “water-loving”). Example: hydrocarbons. | Hydrophilic |
| A general term for a small subunit that can be linked together to make a large chain molecule. | Monomer |
| A general term for a molecule consisting of a long chain of smaller subunits. | Polymer |
| This is a chemical reaction that uses water to split a polymer into individual monomers (hint: to break with water). | Hydrolysis reaction |
| This is a chemical reaction where a monomer is added to a growing chain by removal of a single water molecule. | Dehydration reaction |
| This simple sugar is formed through photosynthesis. It is also referred to as “blood sugar.” | Glucose |
| This class of molecules consists of C, H, and O atoms. Its main function is to provide energy for the cell. You “load up” on this before a big game or race! | Carbohydrate |
| A simple sugar made of a single ring. Example: Fructose. | Monosaccharide |
| A simple sugar made of a double ring. Example: Sucrose. | Disaccharide |
| A complex carbohydrate made of a long chain of sugar molecules linked together. Example: Starch. | Polysaccharide |
| A long chain of glucose molecules linked together. Function: energy storage in plants. | Starch |
| A complex carbohydrate whose function is energy storage in animals. Found in liver & muscle cells. | Glycogen |
| A carbohydrate made long glucose chains that is a structural molecule found in plant cell walls. | Cellulose |
| Another word for cellulose | Fiber |
| This is a class of molecules that contain fats & oils | Lipid |
| A triglyceride, containing a glycerol attached to three fatty acid chains. | Fat molecule |
| This lipid molecule has the maximum number of hydrogens attached to the carbon chain. It is solid at room temperature. | Saturated fat |
| This lipid molecule is liquid at room temperature. Its fatty acid chains have double bonds between some of the carbons, causing kinks in the carbon chain. | Unsaturated fat |
| This is an example of an unsaturated fat. | Olive oil |
| This is an example of a saturated fat. | Butter |
| This is caused by having too much saturated fat in your diet. | cardiovascular disease |
| Cholesterol found in the cell membrane is used to build this. (not the illegal kind!) | Steroid |
| Examples: testosterone, estrogen. | Hormone |
| This is a lipid molecule in the cell membrane. Too much of this in the blood causes blood vessel disease. | Cholesterol |
| This molecule is formed by linking together several polypeptides. Example: hemoglobin. | Protein |
| This is a monomer of a polypeptide. There are 20 different ones that can be linked together to form various polypeptide sequences. | Amino Acids |
| A short protein, or a segment of a protein. | Polypeptide |
| This is what happens when you overheat an enzyme. Essentially it means to irreparably change the shape of the enzyme so it no longer works. | Denature |
| The amount of energy it takes to get a chemical reaction started. | Activation energy |
| A compound that speeds up a chemical reaction. | Catalyst |
| A biological catalyst. Examples: catalase, sucrase, amylase. | Enzyme |
| The chemical formula for glucose. | C6H12O6 |
| This is a good source of protein that fits into a vegetarian diet. | Nuts |
| The simplified formula for a carbohydrate molecule. | CH2O |
Created by:
coach_fletcher
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