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Tortora Chapter 1.2
Levels of structural organization
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Chemical Level - Atoms | The smallest units of matter that participate in chemical reactions. |
| Chemcial Level - Molecules | Two or more atoms joined together. |
| Chemical Level - Atoms essential for maintaining life. | carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), and sulfur (S). |
| Cellular Level - Cells | Molecules combine to form cells, the basic structural and functional units of an organism. |
| Cellular Level - Different kinds of cells | muscle cells, nerve cells, and epithelial cells. |
| Tissue Level - Tissues | Groups of cells and materials surrounding them that work together to perform a particular function. |
| Tissue Level - Four basic types of tissue | epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscular tissue, nervous tissue. |
| Organ Level - Organs | Structures that are composed of two or more different types of tissues; they have specific functions and usually have recognizable shapes. |
| System Level - System | Consists of related organs with a common function. |
| Organismal Level - Organism | any living individual. All the parts of the human body functioning together constitute the total organism. |
| Palpation | the examiner feels body surfaces with the hands. |
| Auscultation | the examiner listens to body sounds to evaluate the functioning of certain organs, often using a stethoscope to ampliphy sounds. |
| Percussion | the examiner taps on the body surface with the fingertips and listens to the resulting echo. |