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prairie nurs 102/u4
102 U4 vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Acid | a compound that yields hydrogen ions when dissociated in aqueous solution, acts as a hydrogen donor, or acts as an electron pair acceptor; |
| Acidosis | the condition where the hydrogen ion concentration increases above normal (reflected in a pH below 7.35) |
| Active Transport | the movement of materials across a membranes |
| Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) | hormone that decreased the production of urine by increasing the reabsorption of water by the renal tubules |
| Aldosterone | hormone produced by the adrenal co regulate sodium and potassium balance in the blood |
| Alkalosis | the condition where the hydrogen ion concentration decreases below normal (reflected in a pH above 7.45) |
| Anions | negatively charged electrolytes |
| Antacid | a drug or dietary substance that buffers, neutralizes, or absorbs HCL acid in the stomach |
| Arterial Pressure | the stress exerted by circulating blood on the artery walls; (b) it is the product of cardiac output and the systemic vascular resistance |
| Ascites | excess fluid in the peritoneal cavityAtomic Weight |
| Blood Pressure | force exerted on the walls of an artery created by the pulsing blood under pressure from the heart |
| Bowman’s Capsule | the cup-shaped end of a renal tubule or nephron enclosing a glomerulus; |
| Buffer | substances that control the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution by reacting with hydrogen ions of an acid |
| Carbonic Acid | an unstable acid formed by dissolving CO2 in H2O; |
| Cations | positively charged ions |
| Chvostek’s Sign | an abnormal spasm of the facial muscles elicited by light taps on the cheek to stimulate the facial nerve in patients who are hypocalcemic; sign of tetany |
| Colloid | large molecules or aggregates of molecules (1 to 100 nm in size) do not precipitate and are dispersed in another medium; |
| Dehydration | excessive loss of water from body tissues; |
| Diffusion | particles in a fluid move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, resulting in an even |
| Diaphoresis | copious production of sweat |
| Diuretic | a drug that promotes the formation and excretion of urineEdema |
| Pitting Edema | an edema characterized by a condition in which a finger pressed into the skin over an accumulation of fluid will result in a depression in the skin; |
| Dependent Edema | a fluid accumulation in the tissues that is influenced by gravity; Electrical Charge |
| Electrolyte | an element or compound that, when melted or dissolved in water or another solvent, dissociates into ions and is able to conduct an electric current |
| Extracellular | occurring outside a cell or cell tissue or in cavities or spaces between cell layers or groups of cellsHomeostasis |
| Hydrogen Ion | a positively charged hydrogen atom or proton |
| Hyperventilation | RR in excess of that required to maintain normal CO2 levels in the body tissues |
| Hypoventilation | RR insufficient to prevent CO2 retention |
| Hypercalcemia | a serum calcium value greater than 10.0 mg/dL |
| Hypocalcemia | a total serum calcium level less than 8.8 mg/dL |
| Hyperphosphatemia | a serum phosphate level greater than 4.5 mg/dL |
| Hypophosphatemia | a serum phosphorus level of less than 2.5 mg/dL |
| Hyperchloremia | a serum chloride level greater than 108 mEq/L |
| Hypochloremia | a serum chloride level of less than 98 mEq/L |
| Hypermagnesemia | a serum magnesium level in excess of 2.1 mEq/L |
| Hypomagnesemia | a magnesium level of less than 1.3 mEq/L |
| Hyperkalemia | a serum potassium greater than 5 mEq/L |
| Hypokalemia | a serum potassium less than 3.5 mEq/L |
| Hypernatremia | a serum sodium concentration in excess of 148 mEq/L |
| Hyponatremia | a serum sodium level of less than 136 mEq/L |
| Hypervolemia | excess intravascular fluid |
| Hypovolemia | decreased circulating blood volume |
| Hypertonic Solution | solution which has a greater concentration of solute than another solution |
| Hypotonic Solution | solution which has a smaller concentration of solute than another solution |
| Hypoproteinemia | a disorder characterized by a decrease in the amount of protein in the blood to an abnormally low level, accompanied by edema, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain |
| Infusion | the introduction of a substance, such as a fluid, electrolyte, nutrient, or drug, directly into a vein or interstitially by means of gravity flow |
| Intracellular | pertaining to the interior of a cell |
| Interstitial | pertaining to the space between cells, as interstitial fluid, or between organs |
| Ions | an atom or group of atoms that has acquired an electrical charge through the gain or loss of electron/s |
| Isotonic Solution | a solution that has the same solute concentration as another solution |
| Ketoacidosis | a condition of very high blood glucose and insufficient insulin that results in accumulation of ketones and fatty acids in the blood and urine and diuresis |
| Kussmaul’s Respiration | deep, rapid respirations associated with compensatory mechanisms |
| Lethargy | sleeps most of the time when not stimulated |
| Milliequivalent | the number of grams of solute dissolved in 1 mL of a normal solution; |
| Molecule | the smallest unit that exhibits the properties of an element or compound; (b) composed of two or more atoms that are covalently bonded |
| Normal Saline | physiologic saline solution |
| Oliguria | a diminished capacity to form and pass urine |
| Osmolarity | the osmotic pressure of a solution expressed in osmoles or milliosmoles per liter of the solution |
| Osmosis | the movement of a pure solvent such as water through a differentially permeable membrane from a solution that has a lower solute concentration to one that has a higher solute concentration; |
| Partial Pressure | the pressure exerted by one gas in a mixture of gases or in a liquid, with the pressure directly related to the concentration of that gas to the total pressure of the mixture |
| Potential Hydrogen (pH) | the numeric pH value indicates the relative concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution compared with that of a standard (1 molar) solution |
| Pituitary Gland | an endocrine gland suspended beneath the brain in the pituitary fossa of the sphenoid bone, supplying numerous hormones that govern many vital processes |
| Plasma Protein | help maintain water balance that affects osmotic pressure, increase blood viscosity, and help maintain blood pressure; |
| Pyrogenic | any substance or agent that tend to cause a rise in body temperature, such as some bacterial toxins |
| Semipermeable Membrane | a membrane that prevents the passage of some substances but allows the passage of |
| Skin Turgor | the resilience of the normal skin when subjected to physical distortion, such as by pinching or pressing |
| Specific Gravity | normally ranges between 1.010 and 1.025 |
| Solute | a substance dissolved in a solution |
| Solution | a mixture of one or more substances dissolved in another substance |
| Solvent | any liquid in which a substance can be dissolved |
| Tetany | continuous spasm of muscles |
| Third Spacing | the accumulation and sequestration of trapped extracellular fluid in an actual or potential body space as a result of disease or injuryTrosseau's Sign |
| [Fluid] Volume Deficit | a decrease in intravascular, interstitial, and/or intracellular fluid in the body. |
| [Fluid] Volume Excess | excess extracellular fluid resulting from retention of both water and sodium in the body. |
Created by:
rjh
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