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Biology Chapt. 12

Biology Concepts and Connections chapter 12

QuestionAnswer
Recombinant DNA Technology A set of laboratory techniques for combining genes from different sources into a new DNA molecule.
Plasmids Small, circular DNA molecules that replicate separately from the much larger bacterial chromosome.
Gene Cloning The practice of making copies of a gene.
Recombinant DNA DNA which incorporates DNA from two or more sources.
Restriction Enzymes These enzymes protect bacterial cells against intruding DNA from other organisms by cutting them into pieces.
DNA Ligase DNA ligase is used to paste sections of DNA from one place in the genome to another.
Vector A biological vector is a gene carrier.
Genomic Library The entire collection of cloned DNA from a genome is known as a genomic library.
Reverse Transcriptase Reverse transcriptase is used by cells to transfer genetic information from RNA to DNA.
Complementary DNA Complementary DNA represents only the subset of genes that were transcribed into mRNA in the starting cells.
Vaccine A vaccine is a harmless variant or derivative of a pathogen that is used to prevent an infections disease.
Nucleic Acid Probe A radioactive molecule that attaches itself to a certain gene. A detector can be used to find weather or not the specific gene is present.
DNA Microarray A DNA Microarray is a slide containing thousands of kinds of single stranded DNA fragments that are arranged in an array.
Gel Electrophoresis A technique which uses a thin slab of gel to find the size of different DNA molecules. The larger DNA molecules do not fit through as well, while the smaller ones just slide through.
Genetic Marker A genetic marker is what you get when you put some of someone's DNA through gel electrophoresis. It is different for each different person.
DNA Fingerprint The specific pattern of bands that is made for each person when Gel Electrophoresis is performed on their DNA.
Polymerase Chain Reaction The Polymerase chain reaction is used to copy the same small piece of DNA literally billions of times. It can be used to make a lot more of the DNA, which makes it easier to detect.
Human Genome project The human genome project is a project to find all of the genes in the human genome. Begun in 1990, it was projected to take 15 years, but only took about 12.
Repetitive DNA DNA which is the same as some that is nearby. It can take up lots of space, and takes up much of the space in the human genome.
Telomeres Telomeres are the protective ends on the Repetitive DNA.
Transposons Transposons can be copied from one location to another and even between chromosomes.
Proteomics Proteomics is an attempt to find similarities between different genomes.
Created by: Kiernan
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