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Genetics

QuestionAnswer
genetics The study of how traits are passed from parents to offspring, from one generation to the next
heredity The passing of traits from parents to offspring
trait A distinguishing quality that all members of a species have in common
variations Different forms of the same trait
gametes Male and female reproductive cells (sperm and egg)
gene A small segment of DNA that carries hereditary information, and determine an organism's traits
cross-fertilization When the egg of one individual is fertilized by the pollen (sperm) of another individual
hybrid The offspring produced by cross-fertilization
alleles Two different forms of the same gene
dominant trait The characteristic that shows up and masks the recessive trait
recessive trait A characteristic that disappears, and is only physically present when there are two alleles of that trait
genotype The combination of an organism's dominant and recessive alleles for a trait
heterozygous An offspring that has different alleles from each parent for a particular gene
homozygous An offspring that has the same allele from both parents for a particular gene
phenotype The observable traits of an organism
genetic code The set of chemical instructions that cells use to translate the genetic information from DNA
RNA (ribonucleic acid) A molecule in the cells of plants and animals that makes protein production possible
mutation A change in the sequence of one or more nucleotides in a DNA molecule
mutagen A physical or chemical agent that causes mutations to occur
genome The term used to describe the total genetic information of an organism
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