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PCS Liv. Env. Review

The Bottom Line Regents Review #1: Cells

TermDefinition
Cell theory cell is basic unit of structure and function of all living things. No cells-Not living
Life Processes Nutrition, Transport, Respiration, Excretion, Synthesis, Regulation ,Growth ,Reproduction
Nutrition get food and break it down
Transport move substances within organisms
Respiration Oxygen+Glucose->Carbon Dioxide + Water+ATP(energy) must take place 24/7
Excretion Remove wastes -urine, sweat, carbon dioxide
Synthesis combine small parts to make larger parts
Regulation maintain homeostasis by responding to stimuli
Homeostasis dynamic equilibrium: all equal
Growth unicellular: increase in size multicellular: more cells
Reproduction make more of same organism, important for species but not for the individual
Organic Contains Carbon AND Hydrogen - living things
Inorganic salt, Carbon Dioxide, water, acids
4 Main elements of life Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen CHON
Organization of life cell->tissues->organs->organ systems->organisms
Cell Organelles cytoplasm, cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, vacuoles, chloroplasts, cell wall, guard cells
cytoplasm mostly water, jelly like substance in center of cell
cell membrane regulates entry/exit from cell, selectively permeable, surrounds each cell
nucleus control center, had DNA and chromosomes
mitochondria powerhouse- where respiration takes place - makes ATP
ribosomes makes proteins by forming chains of amino acids in cytoplasm
vacuoles storage sacs for food and water
chloroplasts only in plants - where photosynthesis takes place, found in leaves, contains chlorophyll
cell wall only in plants - adds strength, found outside of cell membrane, made of cellulose which is not digestible but gives fiber
Guard Cells undersurface of leaves, opens to let carbon dioxide in, closes to reduce water loss.
Diffusion method of transport across cell membrane requires on energy, moves from high to low
Active Transport method of transport across cell membrane requires energy(ATP) moves from low to high
Digestion makes large particles small enough to diffuse through cell membrane.
Proteins digest onto amino acids
Carbohydrates (starch) digest into simple sugars
Fats digest into fatty acids and glycerol
receptor molecules chemical signals on surface of cell membrane have to have the right size and shape of hormones or nerve cells to work
hormones from endocrine glands fit into receptor molecules and trigger cell responses
nerve cell chemicals neurotransmitters also can fit into receptor molecules and trigger cell responses
Digestion in human body/multi-cellular organisms chew (mechanical) + saliva (enzymes) until small enough to pass through cell membranes into blood
peristalsis muscular contractions that move food through the digestive system
Respiratory system in human body/multi-cellular organisms exchanges gases ( oxygen and carbon dioxide) between blood and the environment... nose->trachea->bronchioles->alveoli(small air sacks)
Circulation in human body into cells/multi-cellular organisms transports food and oxygen (for respiration in mitochondria)
Circulation in human body/multi-cellular organisms out of the cells Carbon Dioxide and water +other wastes
Excretion in human body/multi-cellular organisms removal of cellular wastes skin-sweat lungs-carbon dioxide and water kidnes-urine
Why is Movement of human body/multi-cellular organisms needed find food, avoid danger, find mates, find shelter
What controls coordination in human body/multi-cellular organisms Nervous system- sends signals along nerves Endocrine glands - secrete hormones into blood
Created by: cboula
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