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Respiratory system
Bio 3 Seminar
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| [Anatomy] Where are the nasal cavities and their function. | Filter the air, warm or moisten the air |
| [Anatomy] Where is the pharynx and its function. | passage for air |
| [Anatomy] Where is the larynx and its function. | Provide a selective opening to the trachea and production of voice (it contains the vocal cords) |
| [Anatomy] Where is the glottis and epiglottis and its function. | Controls and allows the passage of the air between the pharynx and the trachea |
| [Anatomy] Where is the trachea and its function. | Carry the air into the lungs (recall it's the rings of cartilage) |
| [Anatomy] Where is the bronchi and its function. | Bring the air into each one of the lungs |
| [Anatomy] Where is the bronchioles and its function. | Carry the air to the alveoli |
| [Anatomy] Where is the alveoli and its function. | Provide large surface area for rapid gas exchange. All gas exchange between the air and blood occurs across the walls of the alveoli. |
| [Anatomy] Where is the capillary network and its function. | Allow gases to exchange that will communicate with the blood |
| [Anatomy] Where is the lung and its function. | Delivers oxygen to the body (inspiration) and remove waste gases (expiration) |
| [Anatomy] Where is the diagphram and its function. | Allow breathing, it contracts to allow inhalation and the lungs expand |
| Gas exchanges in the respiratpry system are between what and what? What's the name of the process? | Between the alveoli membranes and the capillary network. Process called external respiration. |
| Explain gas exchanges | O2 from the alveoli is picked up into the blood by erythrocytes and CO2 is released from the blood into the alveoli. The gases are exchanged by simple diffusion, they follow their gradients and they diffuse in opposite directions. |
| What part of the nervous system controls breathing? What do they do? | The medulla oblongata and the pons control the skeletal muscles for breathing. They send signals to the diaphragm and to external intercostal muscles (muscles between the ribs) to contract or relax. |
| What happens during inspiration? | During inspiration, the lungs expand and the diaphragm contracts, the air pressure in the lungs decreases and air rushes into the lungs. |
| What happens during expiration? | During expiration, the lungs return to the initial size and the diaphragm relaxes, the pressure in the lungs increases so air moves out. |
| What is positive breathing? | Frogs. Basically gulps air into the mouth, which causes the pressure in the oral cavity to increase. The lungs have a lower pressure, so the air moves toward the lungs. This respiration creates a greater (+) pressure compared to atmospheric pressure |
| What is negative breathing? | Mammals. When inhaling, the diaphragm contracts and move down. The lungs expand, lowering the air pressure inside and allows air to be pulled in. Movement of the diaphragm creates a negative (lower) pressure compared to the atmospheric pressure. |
| What is tidal volume? | Amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs during each breath when a person is at rest or the normal amount of air that enters the lungs. |
| What is vital capacity? | Maximum amount of air that can be forced into and out of the lungs past the tidal volume. |
| What is residual volume? | It's the amount of air that always remains in the lungs to prevent lung collapse. |
| What are 3 diseases of the respiratory system? | The flu, asthma and lung cancer |
| What are the causes of the flu? | Being in contact with someone who has it, touching a surface that has the flu virus on it |
| What are the causes of asthma? | Allergies, smoking (second hand smoke), exposure to allergens/toxins, family history of asthma, respiratory infection that develops asthma |
| What are the causes of lung cancer? | Smoking (second hand smoke), previous radiation therapy, exposure to radon gas, asbestos or other carcinogens. Family history of lung cancer |
| What are the symptoms of the flu? | Fever, cought, sore throat, runny nose, muscle ache, fatigue... |
| What are the symptoms of asthma? | Shortness of breath, chest tighness, wheezing when exhaling, trouble sleeping, coughing attacks. |
| What are the symptoms of lung cancer? | Cough that doesnt go away, coughing blood, shortness of breath, losing weight, chest pain.. |
Created by:
Malayka
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