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AP Bio Chemistry U1
Chemistry of Life Unit 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Amino Acid | a set of 20 different molecules used to build proteins |
| Amphipathic | of or relating to a molecule that possesses both hydrophobic and hydrophilic elements, such as are found in detergents, or phospholipids of biological membranes. |
| Carbohydrate | an organic compound such as sugar or starch, and is used to store energy |
| Carbon | he chemical element with an atomic number of 6, and is widely distributed forming organic compounds when combined with hydrogen, oxygen, etc |
| Denaturation | process modifying the molecular structure of a protein |
| Disaccharide | any substance that is composed of two molecules of simple sugars (monosaccharides) linked to each other |
| Ester bond | the bond between an alcohol group (-OH) and a carboxylic acid group (-COOH), formed by the elimination of a molecule of water (H2O). |
| Fibrous Protein | made up of polypeptide chains that are elongated and fibrous in nature or have a sheet like structure |
| Nucleic acid | naturally occurring chemical compounds that serve as the primary information-carrying molecules in cells |
| Hydrogen Bond | interaction involving a hydrogen atom located between a pair of other atoms having a high affinity for electrons |
| Ion | An atom, or group of atoms, bearing an electrical charge |
| Lipid | any of various organic compounds that are insoluble in water |
| Macromolecules | A large, organic molecule such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids |
| Monomer | A molecule that is a building block for larger molecules (polymers). |
| Monosaccharide | a sugar that is not decomposable into simpler sugars by hydrolysis, is classed as either an aldose or ketose, and contains one or more hydroxyl groups per molecule --- simple sugar |
| Nitrogen | a naturally occurring element that is essential for growth and reproduction in both plants and animals |
| Non-Polar molecule | has no separation of charge, so no positive or negative poles are formed |
| Glycosidic Bond | a covalent bond that joins a carbohydrate to another functional group or molecule |
| Organic Molecule | a complex molecule that is primarily made of carbon atoms bonded with other elements and/or other carbon atoms |
| Peptide bond | an amide type of covalent chemical bond linking two consecutive alpha-amino acids from C1 (carbon number one) of one alpha-amino acid and N2 (nitrogen number two) of another, along a peptide or protein chain |
| Phospholipid | a molecule with two fatty acids and a modified phosphate group attached to a glycerol backbone |
| Polar Molecule | a molecule containing polar bonds where the sum of all the bond's dipole moments is not zero |
| Polymer | any of a class of natural or synthetic substances composed of very large molecules, called macromolecules, which are multiples of simpler chemical units called monomers |
| Protein | a naturally occurring, extremely complex substance that consists of amino acid residues joined by peptide bonds |
| Water | A chemical substance, with chemical formula H2O, that is a clear, colorless, odorless, and tasteless liquid that may also occur in various forms such as gas (water vapor) and solid |
| Globular Protein | spherical ("globe-like") proteins and are one of the common protein types |
| Nucleotide | A molecule consisting of a nitrogen-containing base (adenine, guanine, thymine, or cytosine in DNA; adenine, guanine, uracil, or cytosine in RNA), a phosphate group, and a sugar (deoxyribose in DNA; ribose in RNA). |
Created by:
Micah Wixom
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